This　study　combined　spectroscopy　techniques　to　assess　the　composition　of　refractory　organics　and　highlighted　the　potential　application　of　excitation-emission　matrix　(EEM)　fluorescence　spectroscopy　within　future　monitoring　of　coal　chemical　wastewater　treatment　by　the　anammox　process.　The　results　showed　that　the　anammox　process　could　effectively　degrade　refractory　organic　substances,　with　fulvic-like,　UV-humic　acid,　and　Vis-humic　acid　component　removal　efficiencies　of　43.61,　53.93,　and　100%,　respectively.　In　this　study,　EEM　fluorescence　spectroscopy　was　proven　to　be　an　effective　method　of　assessing　the　removal　of　dissolved　organic　nitrogen　during　anammox　treatment　of　mature　coal　chemical　wastewater.　Furthermore,　remarkable　accumulation　(9.3-16.2%)　of　Ca.　Kuenenia　occurred　in　the　anammox　granules　that　underwent　long-term　cultivation　in　mature　coal　chemical　wastewater,　which　provided　the　high　nitrogen　removal　rate.　The　abundance　of　Anaerolineaceae　and　Bacteroides　was　vital　in　refractory　organic　degradation.