The　fundamental　material　for　production　of　high-modulus　asphalt　(HMAC)　is　high　modulus　asphalt　binder　(HMAB),　which　is　normally　manufactured　from　hard-grade　asphalt,　rock　asphalt　modification,　and　polyolefin　modification.　This　paper　investigated　rheological　properties　and　performance　of　HMAB　as　compared　to　Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene　(SBS)　modified　binder　and　neat　binder　using　comprehensive　laboratory　performance　tests.　Specifically,　the　performance　of　HMAB　modified　with　two　different　high　modulus　additives,　rock　asphalt　(RA)　and　polyolefin　(PR),　were　compared.　The　performance　indicators　include　linear　viscoelasticity　characterized　by　temperature　sweep　and　frequency　sweep　tests,　rutting　resistance　by　multiple-stress　creep　recovery　(MSCR)　test,　and　fatigue　resistance　by　linear　amplitude　sweep　(LAS)　test.　The　effects　of　high-modulus　modifier　on　master　curve　of　dynamic　shear　modulus　of　HMAB　were　found　identical.　The　temperature　dependencies　of　asphalt　binder　were　found　to　be　significantly　dependent　on　the　material　source　of　neat　binder.　However,　the　rutting　resistance　of　HMAB　modified　by　rock　asphalt　and　polyolefin　is　better　than　that　of　SBS　modified　binder　and　neat　binder.　The　polyolefin　modified　HMAB　showed　better　rutting　resistance　than　rock　asphalt　modified　HMAB;　while　the　comparison　results　was　opposite　for　fatigue　resistance.　The　simplified　viscoelastic　continuum　damage　(S-VECD)　theory　was　employed　to　interpret　the　LAS　test　results　for　fatigue　life　prediction　of　asphalt　binder.　The　SBS　binder　showed　the　best　fatigue　performance　followed　by　HMAB　and　neat　binder.　(C)　2017　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.