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学者姓名：胡江碧
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Abstract ：
Significant changes in road and traffic conditions in transition areas are key to traffic organization and guaranteeing safety in freeway work zones. Currently, most of the related studies on transition area use theoretical calculations, traffic and driving simulations, and the impact of different transition area conditions on drivers' psychophysiological indicators and driving behavior are unclear. In this paper, the gap acceptance theory was used to establish a calculation method of the transition area length, and the transition area length was calculated under different closed lane widths, speed limits, and traffic volumes. Based on the results of our theoretical calculations, naturalistic driving experiments were conducted with 48 participants in 12 scenarios involving 3 lane closure forms and 4 transition area lengths, and the relationship of transition area with driving workload and vehicle speed was determined. A transition area that was too short or too long increased traffic safety risks. The overall experimental results were consistent with the theoretical calculation length, and the theoretical calculation model was reliable. Compared to unaffected straight-through vehicles, merging vehicles and vehicles affected by merging have lower speeds, higher driving workloads, and increased traffic safety risks. An increase in the number of lanes in the transition area will result in increased driving workloads and vehicle speeds. Based on the changes in vehicle deceleration points and driving workloads, the affected area of the transition area was measured. When the speed limit was 60 km/h, the upstream affected areas of the transition areas with four, three, and two lanes were 1000 m, 850 m, and 700 m, and the downstream affected areas were 450 m, 400 m, and 350 m. These research results can provide a reference for improving traffic organization and guaranteeing safety in freeway work zones.
Keyword ：
work zone work zone driving behavior driving behavior driving workload driving workload naturalistic driving naturalistic driving transition area transition area
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua . Impact of Transition Areas on Driving Workload and Driving Behavior in Work Zones: A Naturalistic Driving Study [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (21) . |
| MLA | Ma, Sen 等. "Impact of Transition Areas on Driving Workload and Driving Behavior in Work Zones: A Naturalistic Driving Study" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 . 21 (2023) . |
| APA | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua . Impact of Transition Areas on Driving Workload and Driving Behavior in Work Zones: A Naturalistic Driving Study . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (21) . |
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Abstract ：
Median openings are an effective traffic organization mode for freeway crossover work zones, and their length is one of the most important control indicators to ensure traffic safety in work zones. In this paper, a theoretical calculation model of the median opening length was established according to the lane-changing demands of vehicles crossing through the median opening of the freeway. Based on the calculation model, the influencing factors of the median opening length were analyzed, and the calculation values of the median opening length under different speed limits, median widths and cross slopes were proposed. A naturalistic driving experiment of drivers' safety and comfort, with 48 participants at four opening lengths of 40, 70, 100 and 130 m in a typical freeway work zone, was carried out based on the calculated length values and the driving workload, expressing drivers' safety and comfort. It was found that the median opening length of the freeway had a positive correlation with the vehicles' running speed and the drivers' driving workload: the shorter length reduced the running speed of the vehicles and led to uncoordinated running speeds in the work zone; the longer length caused driver tension and led to the vehicles' running speed and speed variability being too high. The research results indicated that the median opening length of freeway work zones is an important factor affecting the vehicle running speed, driving workload and speed limit compliance rate.
Keyword ：
naturalistic driving experiment naturalistic driving experiment work zone work zone median opening length median opening length driving workload driving workload
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua et al. Study on the Median Opening Length of a Freeway Work Zone Based on a Naturalistic Driving Experiment [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (2) . |
| MLA | Ma, Sen et al. "Study on the Median Opening Length of a Freeway Work Zone Based on a Naturalistic Driving Experiment" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 . 2 (2023) . |
| APA | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua , Qu, Shangwen . Study on the Median Opening Length of a Freeway Work Zone Based on a Naturalistic Driving Experiment . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (2) . |
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Abstract ：
The tunnel is an important component of freeway operation safety, and its classification method is the foundation of a refined management of operation safety. At present, the impact of different categories of tunnels on driver safety, comfort, and driving behavior under naturalistic driving conditions is not clear, and there is a lack of classification methods for tunnels of different lengths in their operation stages. This paper was based on the driving workload, which effectively expresses the safety and comfort of drivers. In this context, naturalistic driving experiments in 13 freeways and 98 tunnels with 36 participants were carried out. The DDTW+K-Means++ algorithm, which is suitable for drivers' driving workload time series data, was used for a clustering analysis of the tunnels. According to the length of the tunnel, the operation-stage tunnels were divided into three categories: short tunnels (<450 m), general tunnels (450 similar to 4000 m), and long tunnels (>4000 m). The length of the tunnel had a positive correlation with the drivers' driving workload, while there was a negative correlation with the vehicle running speed, and the range of changes in the drivers' driving workload and operation safety risks in general tunnels and long tunnels was higher than that in short tunnels. Road and environmental conditions are important factors affecting the driving workload. The entrance area, the exit area of tunnels, and the middle area of long tunnels are high-risk sections in the affected area of the tunnel. These research results are of great significance for the operation safety management of freeway tunnels.
Keyword ：
driving workload driving workload tunnel classification tunnel classification naturalistic driving experiment naturalistic driving experiment tunnel length tunnel length
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Ma, Ershun et al. Cluster Analysis of Freeway Tunnel Length Based on Naturalistic Driving Safety and Comfort [J]. | SUSTAINABILITY , 2023 , 15 (15) . |
| MLA | Ma, Sen et al. "Cluster Analysis of Freeway Tunnel Length Based on Naturalistic Driving Safety and Comfort" . | SUSTAINABILITY 15 . 15 (2023) . |
| APA | Ma, Sen , Hu, Jiangbi , Ma, Ershun , Li, Weicong , Wang, Ronghua . Cluster Analysis of Freeway Tunnel Length Based on Naturalistic Driving Safety and Comfort . | SUSTAINABILITY , 2023 , 15 (15) . |
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Abstract ：
Compared with open roadways, traffic safety in highway tunnels requires more attention to build smoothly transitioned and well-coupled light environments for drivers to alleviate visual discomfort so as to achieve a balanced sense of driving safety and comfort. In this study, in order to overcome the drawbacks of existing tunnel lighting control modes that disregard the color temperature of natural light characteristics and collaborative influence of color temperature and luminance of natural light on tunnel lighting quality, one artificial neural network (ANN) model is designed and trained to simulate one physical lighting control system that takes into consideration color temperature and luminance simultaneously. In this model, multiple parameters of discrete and continuous types of input layer and output layer are synergistically analyzed. The model was also trained with quantities of field data from one tunnel in service and includes one hidden layer with 10 neurons. The simulation results showed that this model obtains a high degree of fitness with inside luminance and 100% recognition rate with inside color temperature in the threshold zone, which conforms to the regulation strategy of actual lighting control systems with high confidence. The proposed model will greatly enhance the reliability and sustainability of the lighting system during its normal operation, which can also support other lighting scenarios due to its flexibility and scalability with multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities.
Keyword ：
traffic safety traffic safety light environment light environment tunnel lighting tunnel lighting reliability reliability ANN ANN
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| GB/T 7714 | Su, Baofeng , Hu, Jiangbi , Zeng, Juncheng et al. Reliability Enhancement Driven by ANN for Lighting Control System in Highway Tunnels [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (1) . |
| MLA | Su, Baofeng et al. "Reliability Enhancement Driven by ANN for Lighting Control System in Highway Tunnels" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 . 1 (2023) . |
| APA | Su, Baofeng , Hu, Jiangbi , Zeng, Juncheng , Wang, Ronghua . Reliability Enhancement Driven by ANN for Lighting Control System in Highway Tunnels . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (1) . |
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Abstract ：
Improper design of the geometric elements and facilities of bikeway systems could endanger cyclists' safety and comfort, resulting in an increased risk of bicycle accidents; such accidents sometimes have severe consequences, namely casualties. The method of expression for cyclists' safety and comfort and the question of how the correlation of these factors with bikeway characteristics-such as the design of geometry and facilities-can be quantitatively described are the key problems facing a reduction in accident risk. Cycling workload can be employed to assess cyclists' safety and comfort. However, there has been little quantitative expression research on this topic, with no clear definition of cycling workload. The quantitative expression of cycling workload is important for developing guidance for the safe design and operational management of bikeways; this is necessary for controlling conditions that might induce overworking and discomfort among users. In this paper, the concept of cycling workload is clearly defined based on cyclists' comfort and safety formation mechanisms. Through a literature review and a comparative analysis, it is inferred that heart rate variability (HRV) can be used as a quantitative measure and the low-frequency-high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) can be used as a physiological signal to quantify cycling workload. A subjective scale was found to effectively express cyclists' feelings of safety and comfort, with the performance assessed according to a human factor engineering research paradigm that classified cycling status into three qualitative levels-comfortable; a little stressful; and stressful. In order to form various cycling workload states and to obtain the relationship between LF/HF data and various bikeway characteristics, we designed a field cycling experiment. This was conducted by 24 participants who wore a physiological measuring apparatus under three different bikeway characteristic scenario types including variations in cycling width, direction, and bikeway edges at four cycling speeds in the 10-25 km/h range. Statistical analysis was used to address the collected LF/HF values and the subjective scale results, and a quantitative model for assessing cycling workload was established. By adopting a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm as a data-mining method, the classification threshold values (Delta HRV) of three cycling workload levels were obtained: 19 indicated a level between comfortable and a little stressful; and 79 indicated a level between a little stressful and stressful.
Keyword ：
heart rate variability heart rate variability human factor human factor bikeway characteristics bikeway characteristics classification and regression tree classification and regression tree bikeway bikeway
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| GB/T 7714 | Qu, Shangwen , Wang, Ronghua , Hu, Jiangbi et al. Study on Quantitative Expression of Cycling Workload [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2022 , 12 (20) . |
| MLA | Qu, Shangwen et al. "Study on Quantitative Expression of Cycling Workload" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 12 . 20 (2022) . |
| APA | Qu, Shangwen , Wang, Ronghua , Hu, Jiangbi , Yang, Li . Study on Quantitative Expression of Cycling Workload . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2022 , 12 (20) . |
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Abstract ：
The anti-glare facilities in median strips are designed to block opposing headlights in order to avoid disability glare, but a large amount of headlight leakage results in uncomfortable glare, to the point that drivers can barely detect dangerous obstacles or road conditions. This paper aims to explore the glare range under high-beam headlights on drivers' visual requirements. Based on an analysis of the mechanism of headlight glare, this paper proposes a subjective headlight glare scale, and classifies glare discomfort into two categories: interference glare, and acceptability glare. Combining the scales, 24 drivers and a standard light-emitting diode automotive headlamp were used to conduct glare effect tests. The size of the laboratory that closes to scotopic vision is 12 m x 6 m. The illuminance thresholds of disability glare-interference glare (DGIG) and interference glare-acceptability glare (IGAG), along with the spatial distribution of each glare level, were collected at the longitudinal distances of 3 m, 5 m, 7 m, 10 m, and 12 m. Meanwhile, the illuminance threshold and the spatial distribution of each glare level up to a longitudinal distance of 120 m were calculated. The results indicate that disability glare is distributed in the central area, while interference glare and acceptability glare are distributed from the center to the margins. At the same longitudinal distance, the vertical illuminance of the driver's eye under the same glare level is almost equal. In the range of a longitudinal distance of 120 m, the spatial distribution of each glare level enlarges with each increase in longitudinal distance. The results can provide scientific evidence for calculating the reasonable heights of anti-glare facilities for expressways with different alignments.
Keyword ：
high-beam headlight glare high-beam headlight glare traffic glare traffic glare illuminance thresholds illuminance thresholds anti-glare facility anti-glare facility spatial distribution spatial distribution
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jiangbi , Guo, Yunpeng , Wang, Ronghua et al. Study on the Influence of Opposing Glare from Vehicle High-Beam Headlights Based on Drivers' Visual Requirements [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (5) . |
| MLA | Hu, Jiangbi et al. "Study on the Influence of Opposing Glare from Vehicle High-Beam Headlights Based on Drivers' Visual Requirements" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 19 . 5 (2022) . |
| APA | Hu, Jiangbi , Guo, Yunpeng , Wang, Ronghua , Ma, Sen , Yu, Aolin . Study on the Influence of Opposing Glare from Vehicle High-Beam Headlights Based on Drivers' Visual Requirements . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (5) . |
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Abstract ：
Adverse weather such as fog will reduce drivers' visual recognition ability, and important visual information in the driving will be weakened and even lost, which brings risks to driving safety. This paper sets out to explore causes for the decline in driving visual ability in foggy sections at night based on drivers' visual recognition demand mechanism. The purpose is to study the influence of light source characteristics on visual distance under open traffic conditions. Through an outdoor visual recognition test, data were collected on the visual recognition distances of 12 car drivers to standard gray small targets, under different light source characteristics and meteorological visibility conditions. Results revealed that the latter conditions, along with illuminance and correlated color temperature affected drivers' visual recognition ability in low meteorological visibility sections at night. At the same illuminance and meteorological visibility, a light source with high correlated color temperature could improve visual distance. The multivariate power function model of meteorological visibility, illuminance at the target and driver's visual distance in foggy areas were obtained by fitting. The research methods and conclusions could provide technical reference for improving traffic visual distance at night, and thus help lay a foundation for road construction and traffic control technology in foggy areas.
Keyword ：
Light source characteristic Light source characteristic Traffic safety Traffic safety Meteorological visibility Meteorological visibility Visual distance Visual distance Illuminance Illuminance
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jiangbi , Sun, Shuya , Wang, Ronghua . Research on the influence of light source characteristics on traffic visual distance in foggy areas at night [J]. | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2022 , 212 . |
| MLA | Hu, Jiangbi et al. "Research on the influence of light source characteristics on traffic visual distance in foggy areas at night" . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 212 (2022) . |
| APA | Hu, Jiangbi , Sun, Shuya , Wang, Ronghua . Research on the influence of light source characteristics on traffic visual distance in foggy areas at night . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2022 , 212 . |
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Pavement marking in daylight with poor quality cannot provide a reference for drivers to specify their own position relative to nearby vehicles. Luminance and Correlated color temperature (CCT) of sunlight is of importance for daytime visibility of in-service pavement markings, which lacks detailed consideration. This paper aims to explore the daytime visibility requirements of in-service pavement markings considering the influence of natural light characteristics. Based on analyzing the mechanism and impact factors of daytime visibility of pavement markings, a subjective scale of pavement markings state in the drivers' field of view was proposed and a short and bold line was recommended as the standard state. Thirty-six tested drivers were randomly selected to detect white and yellow markings of both 15 cm and 20 cm width under 2000 to 23,000 lx and 5500 to 8500 K for outdoor natural light environment. The luminance contrast of the pavement marking to the surrounding road surface ranged from 0 to 10. The result indicated that the natural light with 2000 to 3000 lx and 7500 to 8500 K is the most unfavorable light environment for drivers to recognize pavement markings during daytime. The detection distance is becoming longer with the increase of luminance contrast. The detection distance does not increase with the increase of luminance contrast when the luminance contrast of white markings is greater than 4 and that of yellow markings is greater than 3. The model was established expressing the relationship between luminance contrast and Q(d) contrast. The preview time 3.65 s was selected to calculate the minimum requirements of Q(d) at speeds of 60, 80, 100 km/h, respectively, for different types of markings. The results can provide scientific evidence for quality evaluation and maintenance management of pavement markings in service for daytime visibility.
Keyword ：
daytime visibility daytime visibility detection distance detection distance pavement markings pavement markings luminance contrast luminance contrast
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Jiangbi , Guan, Yanyan , Wang, Ronghua et al. Investigating the Daytime Visibility Requirements of Pavement Marking Considering the Influence of CCT and Illuminance of Natural Light [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (5) . |
| MLA | Hu, Jiangbi et al. "Investigating the Daytime Visibility Requirements of Pavement Marking Considering the Influence of CCT and Illuminance of Natural Light" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 19 . 5 (2022) . |
| APA | Hu, Jiangbi , Guan, Yanyan , Wang, Ronghua , Cao, Qingyun , Guo, Yunpeng , Hu, Qingxin . Investigating the Daytime Visibility Requirements of Pavement Marking Considering the Influence of CCT and Illuminance of Natural Light . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (5) . |
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Abstract ：
Driving in tunnel areas depends more heavily on light conditions than that on open roadways. Traditional lighting systems in highway tunnels adjust lighting parameters only caring about outside light luminance, and focus is usually on energy conservation; however, little concern is about drivers' actual physical and psychological needs. How to leverage the enormous research progress of traffic safety, light environment, human factors engineering, and modern lighting sources to create an ideal tunnel light environment that aids with ensuring driving safety and lower interference effects caused by the change of light environment will greatly improve safety level and reduce adverse influence on drivers' visual health in a tunnel area. An intelligent lighting control system designed with multiple influence factors are systematically considered. Based on sensor data from outside natural light conditions, target lighting parameters are determined per each lighting zone requires; then, lighting commands will be transferred and parsed by adaptive lighting controllers and modules, eventually LED lighting properties are altered step by step. This system helps a lot with optimizing tunnel lighting quality and improving drivers' visual performance; as a result, it contributes to lower the fluctuation of drivers' workload and get a smooth traffic flow, and ultimately this technically ensures physical and mental health of drivers in a tunnel area.
Keyword ：
intelligent control intelligent control tunnel lighting tunnel lighting traffic safety traffic safety light environment light environment visual health visual health
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| GB/T 7714 | Su, Baofeng , Hu, Jiangbi , Zeng, Juncheng et al. Traffic Safety Improvement via Optimizing Light Environment in Highway Tunnels [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (14) . |
| MLA | Su, Baofeng et al. "Traffic Safety Improvement via Optimizing Light Environment in Highway Tunnels" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 19 . 14 (2022) . |
| APA | Su, Baofeng , Hu, Jiangbi , Zeng, Juncheng , Wang, Ronghua . Traffic Safety Improvement via Optimizing Light Environment in Highway Tunnels . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2022 , 19 (14) . |
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Objective Traffic safety is closely related to the driver's ability to obtain visual information. Low visibility would result in traffic accidents. This study aimed to explore the difference between meteorological visibility and traffic safety visual distance in foggy areas in the daytime, and analyze the difference between dynamic visual ability and static visual ability, so as to calculate the maximum acceptable speed limit that meets the driver's safety visual distance requirement. Methods Visual distances under different visibility conditions were collected for 12 passenger car drivers through static and naturalistic driving visual recognition experiments. The power function relation model between driver's static visual distance and meteorological visibility was established, and the attenuation rates of dynamic visual distance at different driving speeds were obtained. Results Traffic safety visual distance (TSVD) gradually grows with the increase of visibility and finally tends to be stable due to the vision limitation of the human eyes under good weather conditions. The drivers' visual ability decreased while driving dynamically, and dynamic TSVD was shorter than static TSVD. Conclusions Traditional meteorological visibility is different from drivers' actual TSVD, but there is a correlation between them. According to the relationship between visibility and dynamic TSVD, the maximum recommended speed limit values under different visibility levels are provided. The calculation of the maximum acceptable speeds under specific visibility conditions can provide a technical basis for road construction and traffic management.
Keyword ：
visual distance visual distance visibility visibility Foggy area Foggy area traffic safety traffic safety
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| GB/T 7714 | Sun, Shuya , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua . Correlation between visibility and traffic safety visual distance in foggy areas during the daytime [J]. | TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION , 2021 , 22 (7) : 514-518 . |
| MLA | Sun, Shuya et al. "Correlation between visibility and traffic safety visual distance in foggy areas during the daytime" . | TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 22 . 7 (2021) : 514-518 . |
| APA | Sun, Shuya , Hu, Jiangbi , Wang, Ronghua . Correlation between visibility and traffic safety visual distance in foggy areas during the daytime . | TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION , 2021 , 22 (7) , 514-518 . |
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