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学者姓名：高景峰
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Abstract ：
As a common surfactant, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are often used as the main ingredient in disinfection products. Hence, the three most commonly used QACs were selected for this study, including alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs), alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds (BACs) and dialkyldimethylammonium compounds (DADMACs). Typical QACs at low (0.2 mg/L), medium (1 mg/L) and high (5 mg/L) concentrations to the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems were studied. The QACs exposure study was conducted for a total of 93 days using four sequential batch reactors. DADMAC-C12 had the greatest inhibitory effect on EBPR performance, followed by BAC-C12 and ATMAC-C12. On day 51, R1 (stimulated by ATMAC-C12) and R2 (stimulated by BAC-C12) recovered their EBPR performance, whereas the P removal efficiency of R3 (stimulated by DADMAC-C12) was still only 65.9 %. Furthermore, the dosage of both ATMAC-C12 and BAC-C12 promoted sludge granulation, whereas DADMAC-C12 caused slight breakdown of formed aerobic granular sludge. The median volumetric diameter in R3 initially increased to a maximum of 409.9 mu m and finally decreased to 352.6 mu m at the end of the operation. The stress of QACs resulted in an enrichment of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Flavobacterium) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas) in the systems. The abundance of Pseudomonas in R1 and R3 finally reached up to 9.40 % and 9.44 %, respectively. Additionally, QACs disrupted bacterial cell membranes and resulted in the release of intracellular resistent genes in sludge (si-RGs). Then, si-RGs converted to extracellular RGs in sludge and RGs in water. Zoogloea, Rhizobium, Turneriella and Aquimonas were the dominant potential hosts of RGs in EBPR systems dosed with QACs. This study can serve as an important reference for the control of RGs in EBPR processes.
Keyword ：
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal Enhanced biological phosphorus removal Quaternary ammonium compounds Quaternary ammonium compounds Bacterial community structure Bacterial community structure Horizontal gene transfer Horizontal gene transfer Extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes Extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes
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| GB/T 7714 | An, Jiawen , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Jingqiang et al. Quaternary ammonium compounds inhibited phosphorus removal performance and aggravated the spread of resistance genes in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 502 . |
| MLA | An, Jiawen et al. "Quaternary ammonium compounds inhibited phosphorus removal performance and aggravated the spread of resistance genes in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 502 (2024) . |
| APA | An, Jiawen , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Jingqiang , Cui, Yingchao , Zeng, Liqin , Xu, Hongxin et al. Quaternary ammonium compounds inhibited phosphorus removal performance and aggravated the spread of resistance genes in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 502 . |
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Abstract ：
In recently years, an increasing number of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) enter waster wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and coexist with the environmental antibiotics in WWTPs. In this study, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ATMAC-C12), dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BAC-C12) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC-C12) were added to nitrifying system treating sewage containing environmental concentration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (0.2 mg/L), respectively, to explore the different responses of resistance genes (RGs) under the co-occurrence of different kinds of QACs and CIP in nitrifying system. Results showed that partial nitrification was achieved by QACs and CIP co-loading, and the cooccurrence of ATMAC-C12 and CIP had more serious inhibitory in the ammonia oxidation activity, functional genes, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and bacterial community structures than BAC-C12 and DADMAC-C12 in nitrifying system. Moreover, the co-occurrence of ATMAC-C12 and CIP stimulated the proliferation of more intracellular RGs in sludge (si-RGs), while more extracellular RGs in sludge (se-RGs) and RGs in water (w-RGs) were enriched under the co-occurrence of DADMAC-C12 and CIP. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) cooperated with bacteria to alter the profiles of RGs. Partial least-squares path model further confirmed that MGEs had positive effects on the proliferation and transmission of si/se/w-RGs (2 = 0.647, 0.918 and 0.627), and EPS had a most important effect (2 = 1.163) on the w-RGs under the co-occurrence of QACs and CIP. Therefore, it should pay attentions to the consumptions of QACs, and avoid the proliferation and transmission of RGs caused by the co-occurrence of QACs and environmental antibiotics.
Keyword ：
Environmental ciprofloxacin Environmental ciprofloxacin Nitrifying system Nitrifying system Three-fraction resistance genes Three-fraction resistance genes Quaternary ammonium compounds Quaternary ammonium compounds Co-occurrence Co-occurrence
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Hongxin , Gao, Jingfeng , Yuan, Yukun et al. Insight into the responses of performance, bacterial community and three-fraction resistance genes to different quaternary ammonium compounds in nitrifying system under the stress of environmental ciprofloxacin [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 496 . |
| MLA | Xu, Hongxin et al. "Insight into the responses of performance, bacterial community and three-fraction resistance genes to different quaternary ammonium compounds in nitrifying system under the stress of environmental ciprofloxacin" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 496 (2024) . |
| APA | Xu, Hongxin , Gao, Jingfeng , Yuan, Yukun , Zeng, Liqin , Wang, Yuxuan , Wang, Hanyi et al. Insight into the responses of performance, bacterial community and three-fraction resistance genes to different quaternary ammonium compounds in nitrifying system under the stress of environmental ciprofloxacin . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 496 . |
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Abstract ：
The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the propagation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) threaten public health security and human health, and greener and more efficient disinfection technologies are expected to be discovered for wastewater treatment. In this study, natural pyrite and ascorbic acid (AA) were proposed as environmental-friendly activator and reductant for periodate (PI) activation to inactivate ARB. The disinfection treatment of PI/pyrite/AA system could inactivate 5.62 log ARB within 30 min, and the lower pH and higher PI and natural pyrite dosage could further boost the disinfection efficiency. The 1 O 2 and SO 4 center dot- were demonstrated to be crucial for the inactivation of ARB in PI/pyrite/AA system. The disinfection process destroyed the morphological structure of ARB, inducing oxidative stress and stimulating the antioxidant system. The PI/pyrite/AA system effectively reduced the intracellular and extracellular DNA concentration and ARGs abundance, inhibiting the propagation of ARGs. The presence of AA facilitated the activation of PI with natural pyrite and significantly increased the concentration of Fe2+ 2 + in solution. The reusability of natural pyrite, the safety of the disinfection by-products and the inhibition of ARB regeneration indicated the application potential of PI/pyrite/AA system in wastewater disinfection.
Keyword ：
Antibiotic resistant bacteria Antibiotic resistant bacteria Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid Antibiotic resistance genes Antibiotic resistance genes Natural pyrite Natural pyrite Periodate Periodate
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen, Hao , Gao, Jingfeng , Wang, Qian et al. Natural pyrite and ascorbic acid co-enhance periodate activation for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of resistance genes transmission: A green disinfection process dominated by singlet oxygen [J]. | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2024 , 477 . |
| MLA | Chen, Hao et al. "Natural pyrite and ascorbic acid co-enhance periodate activation for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of resistance genes transmission: A green disinfection process dominated by singlet oxygen" . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 477 (2024) . |
| APA | Chen, Hao , Gao, Jingfeng , Wang, Qian , Liu, Ying , Fu, Xiaoyu , Guo, Yi et al. Natural pyrite and ascorbic acid co-enhance periodate activation for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of resistance genes transmission: A green disinfection process dominated by singlet oxygen . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2024 , 477 . |
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Abstract ：
The effects of typical disinfectants chloroxylenol (PCMX) and benzethonium chloride (BEC) on heterotrophic/ sulfur autotrophic denitrification (HSAD) systems under single and mixed stress were studied. PCMX increased the system's denitrification activity, but BEC and mixed disinfectants, particularly mixed disinfectants, significantly reduced denitrification activity. PCMX elevated the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in HSAD system, and the structure of EPS was tight and stable. Whereas the other two systems had lower EPS content and looser structure, highlighting the greater damaging effects of BEC and mixed disinfectants. PCMX led to the enrichment of more than half of the resistance genes (RGs), while mixed disinfectants resulted in the fewest RGs enriched and the lowest correlations between bacteria and RGs of three systems. The transformation of extracellular qacE was induced by PCMX. BEC caused RGs to leak out of bacteria, and mixed disinfectants contributed to transformation and efflux of RGs. PCMX increased the abundance of Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas. Thiobacillus was more abundant in low doses of BEC and mixed disinfectants, but it reduced at high concentrations, while the amount of Sulfurimonas continued to decrease. This study provided an insight into the effects of single and mixed disinfectants on HSAD systems, and guided future efforts to control disinfectants and RGs pollution in wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Benzethonium chloride Benzethonium chloride Bacterial community structure Bacterial community structure Heterotrophic/sulfur autotrophic Heterotrophic/sulfur autotrophic Resistance genes Resistance genes Chloroxylenol Chloroxylenol denitrification denitrification
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Yi , Gao, Jingfeng , Yuan, Yukun et al. Chloroxylenol was the last straw for mixed disinfectants in inhibiting the activity of the heterotrophic/sulfur autotrophic denitrification systems: Performance, microbial community and different fractions of resistance genes [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 498 . |
| MLA | Guo, Yi et al. "Chloroxylenol was the last straw for mixed disinfectants in inhibiting the activity of the heterotrophic/sulfur autotrophic denitrification systems: Performance, microbial community and different fractions of resistance genes" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 498 (2024) . |
| APA | Guo, Yi , Gao, Jingfeng , Yuan, Yukun , Wang, Yuxuan , Wang, Hanyi . Chloroxylenol was the last straw for mixed disinfectants in inhibiting the activity of the heterotrophic/sulfur autotrophic denitrification systems: Performance, microbial community and different fractions of resistance genes . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2024 , 498 . |
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Abstract ：
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds (BAC) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have negative effects on biological sewage treatment. The performance of nitrification systems under stress of PFOA (0.1-5 mg/L) or/and BAC (0.2-10 mg/L) was explored during 84-day experiments using four sequencing batch reactors, in this study. Low (0.1 mg/L) concentration PFOA had a positive influence on ammonia removal, while medium and high (2 and 5 mg/L) concentrations PFOA caused severe inhibition. Meanwhile, PFOA stress resulted in the enrichment of ARGs in water (w-ARGs). BAC (0-10 mg/L) had no obvious influence on ammonia removal. However, BAC promoted the reduction of ARGs and the bacterial community was the main participator (48.07%) for the spread of ARGs. Interestingly, the joint stress of PFOA and BAC increased the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity from 5.81 f 0.19 and 6.05 f 0.79 mg N/(g MLSS center dot h) to 7.09 f 0.87 and 7.23 f 0.29 mg N/(g MLSS center dot h) in medium and high concentrations, compared to single stress of PFOA, which was observed for the first time. BAC could reduce bioavailability of PFOA through competitive adsorption and decreasing sludge hydrophobicity by the lower beta-Sheet and alpha-Helix in tightly bound protein. Furthermore, the joint stress of PFOA and BAC was able to intensify the proliferation of w-ARGs and extracellular ARGs in sludge, and developed the most active horizontal gene transfer mediated by intl1 compared to single stress of PFOA or BAC. The batch tests verified the detoxification capacity of BAC on nitrification under 2.5 mg/L PFOA (48 h exposing), and the maximum alleviation of AOB activity was achieved at BAC and PFOA mass ratio of 2:1. In summary, BAC could be used to alleviate the inhibition of PFOA on ammonia oxidation, providing an efficient and sustainable approach in wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds Benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds Toxicity mitigation Toxicity mitigation Antibiotic resistance genes Antibiotic resistance genes Perfluorooctanoic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Hanyi , Gao, Jingfeng , Ren, Hairong et al. Whatever does not kill them makes them stronger: Using quaternary ammonia antimicrobials to alleviate the inhibition of ammonia oxidation under perfluorooctanoic acid stress [J]. | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 263 . |
| MLA | Wang, Hanyi et al. "Whatever does not kill them makes them stronger: Using quaternary ammonia antimicrobials to alleviate the inhibition of ammonia oxidation under perfluorooctanoic acid stress" . | WATER RESEARCH 263 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Hanyi , Gao, Jingfeng , Ren, Hairong , Zhao, Yifan , Wang, Yuxuan , An, Jiawen et al. Whatever does not kill them makes them stronger: Using quaternary ammonia antimicrobials to alleviate the inhibition of ammonia oxidation under perfluorooctanoic acid stress . | WATER RESEARCH , 2024 , 263 . |
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Abstract ：
Partial nitrification/anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) (PN/A) was considered as an economically beneficial and environmentally friendly biological nitrogen removal process. The elimination of nitrate produced by PN/A system was the key to improving the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) of the system under mainstream conditions. In this study, the feasibility of the coupling S(0)-driven autotrophic denitrification (SAD) with PN/A in a single sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor (SMBBR) at room temperature was explored. Additionally, biological treatment process is ideal environments for the emerge and spread of emerging pol-lutants antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), therefore, the shifts of ARGs in the system were investigated. After the coupling of PN/A and SAD, SMBBR was steadily operated with high TNRE. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira and Candidatus Nitrotoga) and nitrite oxidoreductase enzyme were inhibited by SAD process. And anammox bacteria were enriched, especially oligotype GAGTTTAAT of Ca. Brocadia. Sulfurimonas became the predominant autotrophic denitrifier. Heterotrophic denitrifiers Thauera and Dechloromonas were elutriated out from the sys-tem during the coupling of PN/A and SAD process, and they might be potential hosts for ARGs, leading to the decrease of ARGs. Overall, this study proposed a new strategy that SAD could promote the TNRE of PN/A and cut the risks of ARGs propagation, and PN/A-SAD coupling system was a biological nitrogen removal technology with promising applications under mainstream conditions.
Keyword ：
Single sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor Single sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor Oligotypes Oligotypes anammox anammox Antibiotic resistance genes Antibiotic resistance genes Partial nitrification Partial nitrification S(0) -driven autotrophic denitrification S(0) -driven autotrophic denitrification
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhiqi , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Yifan et al. Deciphering the coupling of partial nitrification/anammox and sulfur autotrophic denitrification: Microbial metabolism and antibiotic resistance genes propagation [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 452 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhiqi et al. "Deciphering the coupling of partial nitrification/anammox and sulfur autotrophic denitrification: Microbial metabolism and antibiotic resistance genes propagation" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 452 (2023) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhiqi , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Yifan , Zhang, Yi , Yuan, Yukun , Dai, Huihui et al. Deciphering the coupling of partial nitrification/anammox and sulfur autotrophic denitrification: Microbial metabolism and antibiotic resistance genes propagation . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 452 . |
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Abstract ：
Benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds (BACs) are generally applied as surfactants and disinfectants. In this study, the nitrification systems were exposed to different alkyl chain lengths (C12-C16) and different levels of BACs (0-5 mg/L), respectively, totally 120 days and to explore the chronic effect of BACs on resistance genes (RGs). RGs were classified into four fractions based on activated sludge properties. Ammonia oxidation per-formance were not significantly affected by BACs, whereas BACs increased the absolute abundance of most intracellular RGs in sludge (si-RGs). Under the exposure of BACs, extracellular RGs in water (we-RGs) showed a decrease trend and si-RGs tended to be converted to we-RGs. Tightly bound-Tyrosine side chain was significantly correlated with most we-RGs, and we-intI1 might contribute to the propagation of RGs. Therefore, the risk of transmission of different fractions of RGs in the nitrification system under the stress of BACs should be taken seriously.
Keyword ：
Nitrification Nitrification Mobile genetic elements Mobile genetic elements Benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds Benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds Intracellular and extracellular resistance genes Intracellular and extracellular resistance genes Protein secondary structure Protein secondary structure
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Haoran , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Mingyan et al. The spread of different resistance genes fractions in nitrification system under chronic exposure to varying alkyl chain length benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds [J]. | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY , 2023 , 371 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Haoran et al. "The spread of different resistance genes fractions in nitrification system under chronic exposure to varying alkyl chain length benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds" . | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 371 (2023) . |
| APA | Zhang, Haoran , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Mingyan , Wang, Zhiqi , Li, Dingchang , Wu, Zejie et al. The spread of different resistance genes fractions in nitrification system under chronic exposure to varying alkyl chain length benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds . | BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY , 2023 , 371 . |
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Abstract ：
Achieving stable partial nitrification (PN) are the basic guarantee of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. However, there is no recognized feasible method for rapidly achieving stable PN in municipal wastewater, and further research is necessary. In this study, paracetamol was proved as an effective nitrite oxidation inhibitor through long-term experiment lasting 392 days in three systems (floc sludge, granular sludge, biofilm). PN of low-strength ammonium wastewater was rapidly achieved within 28 days and maintained for about 80 days after paracetamol dose, whereas PN recovered again within 10 days and sustained over 150 days under paracetamol dose combined with low dissolved oxygen strategy. The inhibition effect of paracetamol on NOB was almost not affected by biomass growth modes. QPCR and high-throughput sequencing showed that Nitrospira (Oligotype 1) was inhibited by paracetamol, and PICURSt2 analysis indicated its key enzyme NXR was significantly downregulated after paracetamol treatment, which were the key reasons of PN start-up in three systems. The emergence and adaptation of Nitrotoga was the main reason for the instability of PN. This study proved that paracetamol could be used as a novel nitrite oxidation inhibitor, and provided a possibility to achieve the mainstream PN and anammox for treating wastewater with low-strength ammonium.
Keyword ：
Low-strength ammonium wastewater Low-strength ammonium wastewater Bacterial community structure Bacterial community structure Biomass growth mode Biomass growth mode Paracetamol Paracetamol Partial nitrification Partial nitrification
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| GB/T 7714 | Cui, Yingchao , Gao, Jingfeng , Wu, Zejie et al. Inhibition of Nitrospira and Nitrotoga by paracetamol achieved the rapid start-up and long-term stable operation of partial nitrification for low-strength ammonium wastewater [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 454 . |
| MLA | Cui, Yingchao et al. "Inhibition of Nitrospira and Nitrotoga by paracetamol achieved the rapid start-up and long-term stable operation of partial nitrification for low-strength ammonium wastewater" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 454 (2023) . |
| APA | Cui, Yingchao , Gao, Jingfeng , Wu, Zejie , Wang, Zhiqi , Zhao, Yifan , Guo, Yi . Inhibition of Nitrospira and Nitrotoga by paracetamol achieved the rapid start-up and long-term stable operation of partial nitrification for low-strength ammonium wastewater . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 454 . |
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Abstract ：
The chloroxylenol (PCMX) degrading strain was successfully isolated from sludge and identified as Rhodococcus ruber (R. ruber). Afterwards, a bioaugmentation system was constructed by seeding R. ruber into nitrifying sludge to fasten degradation efficiency of highly toxic PCMX from wastewater. Results showed that R. ruber presented high PCMX-degrading performance under aerobic conditions, 25 degrees C, pH 7.0 and inoculum sizes of 4% (v/v). These optimized conditions were used in subsequent bioaugmentation experiment. In bioaugmentation system, R. ruber could detoxify nitrifiers by degrading PCMX, and the content of polysaccharide in extracellular poly-meric substances increased. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results exhibited that the absolute abundance of 16S rRNA gene and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) slightly elevated in bioaugmentation system. After analyzing the results of high-throughput sequencing, it was found that the loaded R. ruber can colonize successfully and turn into dominant strains in sludge system. Molecular docking simulation showed that PCMX had a weaker suppressed effect on AOB than nitrite oxidizing bacteria, and R. ruber can alleviate the adverse effect. This study could provide a novel strategy for potential application in reinforcement of PCMX removal in wastewater treatment.
Keyword ：
Bacterial community Bacterial community Molecular docking simulation Molecular docking simulation Rhodococcus ruber Rhodococcus ruber Chloroxylenol Chloroxylenol Bioaugmentation Bioaugmentation
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Yi , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Yifan et al. Mitigating the inhibition of antibacterial agent chloroxylenol on nitrification system-The role of Rhodococcus ruber in a bioaugmentation system [J]. | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2023 , 447 . |
| MLA | Guo, Yi et al. "Mitigating the inhibition of antibacterial agent chloroxylenol on nitrification system-The role of Rhodococcus ruber in a bioaugmentation system" . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 447 (2023) . |
| APA | Guo, Yi , Gao, Jingfeng , Zhao, Yifan , Liu, Ying , Zhao, Mingyan , Li, Ziqiao . Mitigating the inhibition of antibacterial agent chloroxylenol on nitrification system-The role of Rhodococcus ruber in a bioaugmentation system . | JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , 2023 , 447 . |
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Abstract ：
The wastewater containing high quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) concentrations from hospitals and other sources may cause the transient shock loads on the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Denitrification is the key part of nitrogen removal from wastewater, however, the effects of QACs on the denitrification and the spread patterns of intracellular and extracellular resistance genes were still unknown. The short-term stress of three frequently detected QACs on denitrification were systematically investigated in this study. The inhibitory effect on nitrate removal had the following rules: BAC C12 > ATMAC C12 > DADMAC C12. The inhibition of QACs on denitrification performance was correlated with the reduction of Thauera abundance, and a higher QACs concentration made stronger inhibitory effect. Moreover, high concentrations of QACs could cause a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species, inhibit cell activity and extracellular polymeric substances secretion. Furthermore, QACs stimulated an overall increase of intracellular and extracellular QACs resistance genes in denitrification systems, both in sludge and in water. And co-selection among resistance genes occurred under shock loads of QACs, especially a high BAC C12 concentration caused a substantial raise in abundances of resistance genes in water. It was worth noting that resistance genes in sludge and water were mainly contributed by different bacteria. Rhizobium and Pseudomonas may be the potential hosts contributed to resistance genes in sludge while Thauera mainly contributed to that in water.
Keyword ：
Intracellular and extracellular resistance genes Intracellular and extracellular resistance genes Potential hosts Potential hosts Quaternary ammonium compounds Quaternary ammonium compounds Denitrification Denitrification Microbial community Microbial community
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Mingyan , Gao, Jingfeng , Liu, Ying et al. Short-term stress of quaternary ammonium compounds on intracellular and extracellular resistance genes in denitrification systems [J]. | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 452 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Mingyan et al. "Short-term stress of quaternary ammonium compounds on intracellular and extracellular resistance genes in denitrification systems" . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 452 (2023) . |
| APA | Zhao, Mingyan , Gao, Jingfeng , Liu, Ying , Wang, Zhiqi , Wu, Zejie , Zhang, Haoran et al. Short-term stress of quaternary ammonium compounds on intracellular and extracellular resistance genes in denitrification systems . | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL , 2023 , 452 . |
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