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学者姓名：潘嵩
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Abstract ：
In recent years, repeated outbreaks of airborne viruses have normalized human coexistence with these viruses. The complex turbulence and vortices generated by different fan types and operation modes affect virus removal effectiveness. This paper reviews the potential impact and actual effectiveness of different fans in mitigating indoor virus transmission, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Downward rotating ceiling fans can rapidly dilute virus concentration (21-87%) in the breathing zone due to jet cores, with efficiency depending on rotational speed and particle diameter. However, the reprocessing problems of large particles being deposited on surfaces, and small particles settling and rebounding into the air remain unresolved. Upward-rotating ceiling fans do not contribute to indoor virus removal. Exhaust fans generate a negative-pressure environment, which helps expel viruses quickly. But improper vortex zones can increase virus retention time 16-40 times. Air-apply fans effectively dilute and transport viruses only when delivering airflow exceeding 0.5 m/s directly into the breathing zone. Additionally, combined fan strategies remain underexplored, despite potential benefits. This review underscores the need for standardized definitions of particle removal effectiveness and calls for further research on how climatic conditions and thermal comfort influence fan-based interventions.
Keyword ：
airflow patterns airflow patterns air-apply fan air-apply fan exhaust fan exhaust fan airborne transmission airborne transmission ceiling fan ceiling fan
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| GB/T 7714 | Han, Xiaofei , Mahyuddin, Norhayati , Qin, Mingyuan et al. Effect of Different Mechanical Fans on Virus Particle Transport: A Review [J]. | BUILDINGS , 2025 , 15 (3) . |
| MLA | Han, Xiaofei et al. "Effect of Different Mechanical Fans on Virus Particle Transport: A Review" . | BUILDINGS 15 . 3 (2025) . |
| APA | Han, Xiaofei , Mahyuddin, Norhayati , Qin, Mingyuan , Wang, Puyi , Zhang, Changchang , Wei, Yixuan et al. Effect of Different Mechanical Fans on Virus Particle Transport: A Review . | BUILDINGS , 2025 , 15 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
As the popularity of fresh air systems (FAS) in residential buildings increases, exploring the behavioral characteristics of their use can help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential for demand flexibility in residential buildings. However, few studies in the past have focused on the personalized usage behavior of FAS. To fill this gap, this study proposes a method based on data mining techniques to reveal the behavioral patterns of FAS usage and the motivations behind them, including motivational patterns, operation duration patterns, and human-machine interaction patterns, for 13 households in Beijing. The simultaneously obtained behavioral patterns, in turn, form the basis of association rules, which can classify FAS usage behavior into two typical residential user profiles containing user behavioral characteristics. This study can not only provide more accurate assumptions and inputs for behavioral stochastic models but also provide data support for the development and optimization of demand response strategies.
Keyword ：
fresh air system fresh air system behavioral patterns behavioral patterns data mining data mining occupant behavior occupant behavior residential buildings residential buildings
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| GB/T 7714 | Gao, Sijia , Pan, Song , Liu, Yiqiao et al. A Data Mining-Based Method to Disclose Usage Behavior Patterns of Fresh Air Systems in Beijing Dwellings during the Heating Season [J]. | BUILDINGS , 2024 , 14 (10) . |
| MLA | Gao, Sijia et al. "A Data Mining-Based Method to Disclose Usage Behavior Patterns of Fresh Air Systems in Beijing Dwellings during the Heating Season" . | BUILDINGS 14 . 10 (2024) . |
| APA | Gao, Sijia , Pan, Song , Liu, Yiqiao , Zhu, Ning , Cui, Tong , Chang, Li et al. A Data Mining-Based Method to Disclose Usage Behavior Patterns of Fresh Air Systems in Beijing Dwellings during the Heating Season . | BUILDINGS , 2024 , 14 (10) . |
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Abstract ：
Infrared (IR) radiation curing technology has a high potential to improve the curing process of thermosetting polymers. To investigate the IR curing reaction mechanism, the present study explores the curing kinetics of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) powder coatings subjected to IR radiation. Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is employed to record the concentration of epoxide groups with respect to time under different temperature conditions, with the reaction conducted under IR radiation. The resulting data are then fitted by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm using MATLAB software to obtain the kinetic parameters, namely the rate constant (k), catalytic constants (n, m), manifestation activation energy (E), and the pre-exponential factor (A) of the curing reaction. Additionally, this study proposes a new concept: the 'photo-thermal synergistic effect' of infrared curing and its evaluation criteria using a dimensionless quantity. Incredibly, this index integrates the impact of IR curing technology on two aspects: the curing process and the properties of the cured product. Overall, this study deepens our understanding of the IR curing reaction mechanism and provides a reference for the application of this technology in practical engineering.
Keyword ：
kinetic model kinetic model MATLAB MATLAB GMA/DDDA powder coatings GMA/DDDA powder coatings photo-thermal effect photo-thermal effect catalytic infrared curing catalytic infrared curing
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tongzhao , Lun, Isaac Yu Fat , Xia, Liang et al. Kinetic Study of Infrared Heat Curing of Thermosetting Polymers [J]. | COATINGS , 2024 , 14 (12) . |
| MLA | Wang, Tongzhao et al. "Kinetic Study of Infrared Heat Curing of Thermosetting Polymers" . | COATINGS 14 . 12 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Tongzhao , Lun, Isaac Yu Fat , Xia, Liang , Wang, Yongji , Pan, Song . Kinetic Study of Infrared Heat Curing of Thermosetting Polymers . | COATINGS , 2024 , 14 (12) . |
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Abstract ：
Poor indoor air quality in maternity hospitals can spread respiratory diseases; however, limited research exists on modifiable factors like occupant behavior. This study explores subjective drivers of window-opening in maternity wards, using surveys and on-site measurements. Results show 71.4% of respondents stay less than 14 days, leading to dynamic and irregular window behavior. Comfort, particularly thermal comfort, air quality, and circulation, is the main driver for window operations. Especially at low temperatures, pregnant women's comfort plays a critical role, while other factors increase in importance as temperatures rise. The results show that environmental factors drive window-opening, while indoor comfort drives closing. Occupants are more tolerant to humidity than thermal discomfort, but window adjustments are random. Moreover, respondents prioritize others' needs in closing windows, where outdoor noise often serves as a key factor. The time also had a greater impact on both window opening and closing decisions, while field measurements confirm that time influences window-opening more than closing. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) analysis of the questionnaire data for 'comfortable sensation' showed that only 'air circulation' and 'air humidity' were correlated with comfort, whilst 'heat sensation' was the least correlated. The possible reason is that the questionnaire was conducted in the spring, when temperatures were within the comfort range, and therefore, occupants were more concerned with other factors. Window operations in maternity wards are a collective strategy for natural ventilation. This study shows that the factors affecting window use in maternity hospitals are different from other buildings, providing useful ideas for improving maternity ward design.
Keyword ：
influencing factors influencing factors thermal comfort thermal comfort subjective survey subjective survey maternity hospital maternity hospital window-opening behavior window-opening behavior
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| GB/T 7714 | Xiao, Manxuan , Deng, Wu , Ma, Haipeng et al. Influence of Subjective Factors on Window Use in Maternity Hospitals in Spring [J]. | SUSTAINABILITY , 2024 , 16 (22) . |
| MLA | Xiao, Manxuan et al. "Influence of Subjective Factors on Window Use in Maternity Hospitals in Spring" . | SUSTAINABILITY 16 . 22 (2024) . |
| APA | Xiao, Manxuan , Deng, Wu , Ma, Haipeng , Wu, Jinshun , Zhou, Tongyu , Zhu, Jinsong et al. Influence of Subjective Factors on Window Use in Maternity Hospitals in Spring . | SUSTAINABILITY , 2024 , 16 (22) . |
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Abstract ：
Thermosetting polymers offer a wide range of applications in modern industries, including coatings, the automotive and aerospace industries, and furniture manufacturing. The curing process, which is a key step in the application of such materials, has become a research hotspot. More specifically, significant research efforts have been devoted toward shortening the curing cycle and reducing curing energy consumption without affecting product quality. Two common curing methods, namely, infrared (IR) curing and hot air convection curing, have been commonly employed. IR curing technology demonstrates certain advantages, such as high energy efficiency and adaptability, compared to traditional convection curing technology. Moreover, it has achieved desirable results in engineering applications and research. In this review, the current research on IR curing technology is presented in detail based on two fundamental aspects: the heat transfer process and the curing process. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the IR curing heat transfer process in terms of IR heating equipment, heat transfer monitoring devices, heat transfer models, and heat transfer simulation methods. Moreover, it summarizes and compares the basic research methods, equipment, and theoretical models involved in the curing process. In addition, it describes the non-thermal effect and its impact on the properties of cured products. This study describes the author's perspective and opinions on the research direction in IR radiation-based curing technology. This literature review concludes that IR curing technology has strong research value and application prospects, particularly in fields requiring low-temperature rapid curing of thermosetting polymers.
Keyword ：
infrared heating infrared heating thermosetting polymers thermosetting polymers curing curing
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Tongzhao , Xia, Liang , Ni, Minrui et al. Fundamentals of Infrared Heating and Their Application in Thermosetting Polymer Curing: A Review [J]. | COATINGS , 2024 , 14 (7) . |
| MLA | Wang, Tongzhao et al. "Fundamentals of Infrared Heating and Their Application in Thermosetting Polymer Curing: A Review" . | COATINGS 14 . 7 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Tongzhao , Xia, Liang , Ni, Minrui , Pan, Song , Luo, Chuyi . Fundamentals of Infrared Heating and Their Application in Thermosetting Polymer Curing: A Review . | COATINGS , 2024 , 14 (7) . |
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Abstract ：
Nowadays, relevant data collected from hospital buildings remain insufficient because hospital buildings often have stricter environmental requirements resulting in more limited data access than other building types. Additionally, existing window-opening behavior models were mostly developed and validated using data measured from the experimental building itself. Hence, their accuracy is only assessed by the algorithm's evaluation index, which limits the model's applicability, given that it is not tested by the actual cases nor cross-verified with other buildings. Based on the aforementioned issues, this study analyzes the window-opening behavior of doctors and patients in spring in a maternity hospital in Beijing and develops behavioral models using logistic regression. The results show that the room often has opened windows in spring when the outdoor temperature exceeds 20 ?. Moreover, the ward windows' use frequency is more than 10 times higher than those of doctors' office. The window-opening behavior in wards is more susceptible to the influence of outdoor temperature, while in the doctors' office, more attention is paid to indoor air quality. Finally, by embedding the logistic regression model of each room into the EnergyPlus software to simulate the CO2 concentration of the room, it was found that the model has better applicability than the fixed schedule model. However, by performing cross-validation with different building types, it was found that, due to the particularity of doctors' offices, the models developed for other building types cannot accurately reproduce the window-opening behavior of doctors. Therefore, more data are still needed to better understand window usage in hospital buildings and support the future building performance simulations of hospital buildings.
Keyword ：
window-opening behavior window-opening behavior hospital building hospital building logistic regression logistic regression cross-validation cross-validation EnergyPlus EnergyPlus
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| GB/T 7714 | Jia, Zhuo , Pan, Song , Yu, Haowei et al. Modeling Occupant Window Behavior in Hospitals-A Case Study in a Maternity Hospital in Beijing, China [J]. | SUSTAINABILITY , 2023 , 15 (11) . |
| MLA | Jia, Zhuo et al. "Modeling Occupant Window Behavior in Hospitals-A Case Study in a Maternity Hospital in Beijing, China" . | SUSTAINABILITY 15 . 11 (2023) . |
| APA | Jia, Zhuo , Pan, Song , Yu, Haowei , Liu, Yiqiao , Wei, Shen , Qin, Mingyuan et al. Modeling Occupant Window Behavior in Hospitals-A Case Study in a Maternity Hospital in Beijing, China . | SUSTAINABILITY , 2023 , 15 (11) . |
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Abstract ：
This study presents a theoretical study on the super thin and conductive thermal absorber with built-in corrugated channels on the basis of previous field experiments. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the corrugated channels are simulated to identify the factors affecting photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system efficiency. The influences of the structural parameters such as the corrugation number, the corrugation area, and the flow channel width on the water outlet temperature and heat collection are discussed in order to support the structural optimization design of the hybrid PV/T system. The simulation results were validated to be in good agreement with experimental results. The results indicate that increasing inlet water velocity leads to a decrease in the outlet temperature. It was found that the corrugation area and the flow channel width have impacts on the outlet temperature of the hybrid PV/T collector panel. When the flow channel width of the absorber plate is reduced from 4 mm to 3 mm, the outlet temperature attained is between 298 and 302 K, and the heat collection is in the range of 16.2-51.4 MJ/h. This led to an increase in the amount of heat collected by 18.6%.
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| GB/T 7714 | Kong, Xiangrui , Zhang, Yuhan , Wu, Jinshun et al. Numerical Study on the Optimization Design of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Collector with Internal Corrugated Channels [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY , 2022 , 2022 . |
| MLA | Kong, Xiangrui et al. "Numerical Study on the Optimization Design of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Collector with Internal Corrugated Channels" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2022 (2022) . |
| APA | Kong, Xiangrui , Zhang, Yuhan , Wu, Jinshun , Pan, Song . Numerical Study on the Optimization Design of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Collector with Internal Corrugated Channels . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY , 2022 , 2022 . |
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Abstract ：
Window opening behavior in maternity hospital wards is the result of collective actions to create a healthy and comfortable recovery area for the patients and it is a main strategy of natural ventilation. Since many rooms in the hospital are occupied 24 h a day, which could lead to different window operation characteristics from other building types. However, the global understanding of window opening behavior at maternity hospitals is very limited as little research has been undertaken. In order to fully understand the behavioral characteristic and improve the prediction accuracy, monitoring data from a maternity hospital in Beijing during summer were analyzed and modeled by statistical method and random forest (RF) algorithm respectively. The data included nine correlated factors of window operation in three wards and a doctors' office. The results indicated that the hourly window opening probability of the wards changed regularly with time from 10 to 65%, whereas the probability of the doctors' office window being opened remained at similar to 70%, which was quite different from the characteristics of other building types in Beijing during summer. Among the correlated factors, the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was the most significant for two room types, which was a valuable finding for window status analysis in hospitals. Satisfied prediction accuracy of the RF model was obtained, which provide a reliable reference for the modeling of hospital buildings. This research could deepen the understanding of the behavior in hospital buildings and provide reference for future modeling research.
Keyword ：
Random forest Random forest Correlated factor Correlated factor Maternity hospital Maternity hospital Window status Window status
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| GB/T 7714 | Niu, Baolian , Li, Dan , Yu, Haowei et al. Investigation of occupant window opening behaviour during the summer period in a Beijing maternity hospital [J]. | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2022 , 45 . |
| MLA | Niu, Baolian et al. "Investigation of occupant window opening behaviour during the summer period in a Beijing maternity hospital" . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 45 (2022) . |
| APA | Niu, Baolian , Li, Dan , Yu, Haowei , Mahyuddin, Norhayati , Liu, Yiqiao , Wu, Jinshun et al. Investigation of occupant window opening behaviour during the summer period in a Beijing maternity hospital . | JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING , 2022 , 45 . |
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Abstract ：
Although much research is being conducted on the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 at subway stations, there is no research focusing on a complex subway transfer station. In this paper, the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 at transfer stations are studied. For comparison, monitoring is performed under different outside conditions at four different transfer stations in the non-peak period during March 2018. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 on the platform in the transfer stations is approximately 10 mu g/m(3) lower than in the non-transfer station, when outside PM2.5 is lower than 150 mu g/m(3) However, the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 at the transfer stations (lowest 78.1%) is higher than at the non-transfer station (lowest 61.2%), indicating that the PM10 content differs from the non-transfer station. In a transfer station with the same depth, the PM concentration is the same or similar. In addition, the concentration of PM2.5 at subway stations has a strong correlation with the outside environment (R-2=0897), which indicates that an outside condition is important for the subway environment.
Keyword ：
PM10 PM10 concentration ratio concentration ratio PM2.5 PM2.5 transfer station transfer station
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xinru , Xia, Liang , Pei, Fei et al. Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Concentration of Subway Transfer Stations in Beijing, China [J]. | SUSTAINABILITY , 2022 , 14 (3) . |
| MLA | Wang, Xinru et al. "Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Concentration of Subway Transfer Stations in Beijing, China" . | SUSTAINABILITY 14 . 3 (2022) . |
| APA | Wang, Xinru , Xia, Liang , Pei, Fei , Chang, Li , Chong, Wen Tong , Wang, Zu et al. Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Concentration of Subway Transfer Stations in Beijing, China . | SUSTAINABILITY , 2022 , 14 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
Nowadays, PM2.5 concentrations greatly influence indoor air quality in subways and threaten passenger and staff health because PM2.5 not only contains heavy metal elements, but can also carry toxic and harmful substances due to its small size and large specific surface area. Exploring the physicochemical and distribution characteristics of PM2.5 in subways is necessary to limit its concentration and remove it. At present, there are numerous studies on PM2.5 in subways around the world, yet, there is no comprehensive and well-organized review available on this topic. This paper reviews the nearly twenty years of research and over 130 published studies on PM2.5 in subway stations, including aspects such as concentration levels and their influencing factors, physicochemical properties, sources, impacts on health, and mitigation measures. Although many determinants of station PM2.5 concentration have been reported in current studies, e.g., the season, outdoor environment, and station depth, their relative influence is uncertain. The sources of subway PM2.5 include those from the exterior (e.g., road traffic and fuel oil) and the interior (e.g., steel wheels and rails and metallic brake pads), but the proportion of these sources is also unknown. Control strategies of PM mainly include adequate ventilation and filtration, but these measures are often inefficient in removing PM2.5. The impacts of PM2.5 from subways on human health are still poorly understood. Further research should focus on long-term data collection, influencing factors, the mechanism of health impacts, and PM2.5 standards or regulations.
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| GB/T 7714 | Chang Li , Chong Wen Tong , Wang Xinru et al. Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways. [J]. | Environmental science. Processes & impacts , 2021 , 23 (5) : 642-663 . |
| MLA | Chang Li et al. "Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways." . | Environmental science. Processes & impacts 23 . 5 (2021) : 642-663 . |
| APA | Chang Li , Chong Wen Tong , Wang Xinru , Pei Fei , Zhang Xingxing , Wang Tongzhao et al. Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways. . | Environmental science. Processes & impacts , 2021 , 23 (5) , 642-663 . |
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