Abstract ：

PurposeWith rapid industrialization and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a serious challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Beijing Municipality is a representative example of many local governments in China that are facing MSW management issues. Although there have been studies in the area of MSW management in the literature, less attention has been devoted to developing a structured framework that identifies and interprets the barriers to MSW management in megacities, especially in Beijing. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying a comprehensive list of barriers affecting the successful implementation of MSW management in Beijing.Design/methodology/approachThrough an extensive review of related literature, 12 barriers are identified and classified into five categories: government, waste, knowledge dissemination, MSW management process and market. Using an integrated approach including the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), maximum mean de-entropy algorithm (MMDE) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), a conceptual structural model of MSW implementation barriers is constructed to provide insights for industrial decision-makers and policymakers.FindingsThe results show that a lack of economic support from the government, imperfect MSW-related laws and regulations, the low education of residents and the lack of publicity of waste recycling knowledge are the main barriers to MSW management in Beijing. Combined with expert opinions, the paper provides suggestions and guidance to municipal authorities and industry practitioners to guide the successful implementation of MSW management.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can provide a reference for MSW management in other metropolises in China and other developing countries.Originality/valueThis study proposes a hybrid DEMATEL-MMDE-ISM approach to resolve the subjectivity issues of the traditional ISM approach and it analyzes the barriers that hinder MSW management practices in Beijing.

Keyword ：

Interpretive structural modeling Interpretive structural modeling Municipal solid waste Municipal solid waste DEMATEL DEMATEL Barrier analysis Barrier analysis

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Abstract ：

Due to the indispensable role of electric vehicles (EVs) in achieving carbon neutrality, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for EVs have attracted considerable attention in the context of a widely distributed raw material supply and cross-border LIB production. Most previous studies have focused on only one specific LIB-related commodity supply, ignoring the intricate dependent relationships among mineral resources, intermediate components, and finished products. To fill this gap, this study employs a multilayer network model to construct the global EV-LIB supply network from 1990 to 2020 and explores critical risk sources from static and dynamic network per-spectives. From the static perspective, the results based on the MultiRank algorithm reveal the critical position of countries, which are covered by single-layer-based indicators. The EV-LIB industry is shifting from upstream mineral resources to intermediate components and finished products (EV-LIBs and anodes). From the dynamic perspective, the impacts of risk sources and their risk transmission paths are revealed by the proposed dynamic shock propagation models under two realistic scenarios, i.e., supply restrictions on a specific commodity and blocked export channels. Some unremarkable shocks to a specific upstream commodity are revealed to have a substantial influence on downstream processes. Different effects of improving a country's anti-risk capacity on strengthening the robustness of the trade system are shown. The findings provide anti-risk support for policy -makers seeking to hedge supply risks, adjust industrial planning, and ensure industrial safety.

Keyword ：

EV-LIBs EV-LIBs Risk sources Risk sources Shock propagation Shock propagation Supply networks Supply networks Multilayer networks Multilayer networks

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Abstract ：

China's flat panel display industry boasts the largest scale worldwide and injects sustained momentum into the global flat panel display supply network. Flat panel displays being exchanged in international flows are deeply characterized by each Chinese province, forming the Chinese overseas flat panel display supply network. Network science is applied to investigate the emergent topology and disruption risk propagation of supply networks. Therefore, this study first constructs weighted and directed Chinese overseas flat panel display supply networks from 2017 to 2021 to investigate the visible risks of these networks by macroscopic and microscopic structures. Second, the hidden risk sources are revealed in supply networks using the proposed risk propagation model in supply, demand, and cooperation disruption scenarios related to China's zero-COVID policy. The finding reveals that the visible supply risks are focused on the Yangtze River Delta region and Guangdong province, and the demand risks for flat panel d0069splays are also concentrated in these provinces. China's supply of flat panel displays to the USA is gradually shifting to Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, the hidden risks are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal provinces of China. The hidden cooperation risks are focused between Guangdong province and the USA, and South Korea. These findings will be helpful for determining which provinces or countries are risky sources or for offering an early warning mechanism and helpful for a more resilient and robust supply network.

Keyword ：

China's zero-COVID policy China's zero-COVID policy Flat panel display Flat panel display Disruption risks Disruption risks Supply networks Supply networks Chinese provinces Chinese provinces

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Abstract ：

In the cloud manufacturing (CMfg) platform, there are numerous manufacturing services with same or similar functions. Due to the inconsistency of service quality, how to effectively evaluate the quality of services is a fundamental problem in CMfg, and which aims to reduce risk and increase the benefits of users. Under these contexts, this study first constructs a comprehensive three-dimensional trust evaluation system that considers the trust of service demanders, resource providers, and cloud platform operators in CMfg. And then, a manufacturing services trust evaluation and preprocessing model is proposed, and the optimization process is described as following: (1) superior and inferior manufacturing services are identified by the first stage filtration; and (2) inferior manufacturing services are further classified by the second stage filtration. After that, to deal with the concerned problem, an improved multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (IMO-NSGA-III) is developed to find the Pareto-optimal solutions. Furthermore, nine random instances are designed to show that the proposed IMO-NSGA-III outperforms other three state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of convergence and diversity. Finally, three case studies that comes from an automotive parts assembly company is employed, and the effectiveness of the proposed model and IMO-NSGA-III algorithm is further demonstrated.

Keyword ：

IMO-NSGA-III IMO-NSGA-III Multi-user Multi-user Service preprocessing Service preprocessing Service trust evaluation Service trust evaluation Cloud manufacturing Cloud manufacturing

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Abstract ：

The e-commerce platforms have facilitated the information flow of cross-border supply chain (CBSC) and attracted a wide range of companies and individuals to participate in cross-border businesses. The tax costs associated with cross-border commodity flow have received unprecedented attention. However, there is a lack of common platforms between international tax planners and CBSC optimizers, and the impact of various tax policies on CBSC operations is still unclear. To fill this gap, this study presents a literature review to elaborate on the interface between taxes and CBSC operations. First, a literature collection approach is constructed, and 71 pertinent publications are identified. Then, a four-dimensional categorization consisting of supply chain themes, research methodologies, tax types, and illustration types was designed to classify and summarize the research content of the selected articles. The results show that (1) there are six main supply chain-related themes, i.e., the supply chain network, the distribution channel structure, product quantity and quality, production outsourcing, the procurement mode, and supply chain emissions, that are significantly affected by taxes. (2) Four types of taxes, including the corporate income tax (CIT), tariffs, environmental taxes and the value-added tax (VAT), have obvious impacts on CBSC operations. (3) Four mainstream methodologies, i.e., mathematical models, empirical models, conceptual models and simulation models, have been applied to explore the tax effects in CBSC modeling. (4) The tax-saving opportunities in CBSC operations mainly come from the following five areas: CIT rate gaps in different regions, special tax regulations such as the tax cross-credit principle and arm's length principle, regional trade agreements (RTAs), preferential tax policies and export VAT rebate policy. Finally, this research provides a framework to analyze the trade-offs between taxes and traditional CBSC modeling factors. The results can support enterprises in CBSC in dealing with the complex international tax policies.

Keyword ：

off-shoring decision off-shoring decision tax-effective supply chain tax-effective supply chain international tax international tax transfer pricing transfer pricing cross-border supply chain modeling cross-border supply chain modeling

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Abstract ：

In recent years, worldwide electric vehicle (EV) sales have experienced rapid growth, and recycling an enormous quantity of spent power batteries has become a challenge. This study aims to explore the optimal joint recycling strategy from the EV manufacturer's perspective by using game theory-based models. The model investigates four kinds of joint recycling strategies: 1) nonalliance (NA) mode, 2) alliance with the power battery manufacturer (APBM) mode, 3) alliance with the third-party recycler (ATPR) mode, and 4) integrated alliance (IA) mode. The results show that: 1) A deposit-refund system can effectively increase the recycling rate. However, an excessive upfront disposal fee will reduce overall profits. 2) For the closed-loop supply chain, the optimal alliance mode depends on the intensity of recycling competition. When recycling competition is fierce, the IA mode is the best alliance mode. When recycling competition is weak, the NA mode is the optimal choice from the recycling rate perspective, and the APBM mode is the optimal choice from the total profit perspective. 3) For the EV manufacturer, the alliance in which its proportion of the extra joint profit is highest tends to be the optimal choice.

Keyword ：

spent power batteries spent power batteries deposit-refund system deposit-refund system joint recycling strategy joint recycling strategy Supply chain management Supply chain management competing recycling channel competing recycling channel

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Abstract ：

Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) have gained popularity due to their widespread use in the production of televisions, laptops, and iPads. TFT-LCD firms' activities that build relationships with suppliers and customers contribute to the emergence of supply networks. A firm's ability to identify risks, however, is complicated, as TFT-LCD supply networks are becoming increasingly global, complex, and interconnected. The extant research on the topological structure of TFT-LCD supply networks is limited, and the risks identified rely on untested assumptions about the topological structure of such networks. To fill these gaps, this study examines the topological structure and COVID-19 related risk propagation in TFT-LCD supply networks from a dynamic perspective. First, the evolution of the topological structure of TFT-LCD supply networks from 2015 to 2020 is explored by constructing a weighted and undirected supply network. Second, the hidden risky sources in TFT-LCD supply networks are revealed by the proposed risk propagation model. The results show that TFT-LCD supply networks are characterised by a 'hub and spoke' feature and an explicit shift from geographical to global cooperation. Additionally, a 'robust-yet-fragile' configuration in these supply networks is uncovered, and the hidden risky sources in the main TFT-LCD manufacturers and suppliers and in interfirm cooperations are revealed. These findings will help managers reduce the vulnerability of TFT-LCD supply networks to disruptions and construct more robust and resilient networks.

Keyword ：

topological structure topological structure supply networks supply networks risk propagation risk propagation COVID-19 COVID-19 TFT-LCD TFT-LCD

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Abstract ：

Port-hinterland transport is a freight transport mode that links ports and inland destinations and contributes to a large portion of the total CO2 emissions from the entire port-related logistic chain. Infrastructure development is conducive to reducing transport emissions. However, decision making regarding the development of port-hinterland transport infrastructures is complicated because port throughputs for different types of cargo change with economic structural changes (ESCs) in the port's hinterland. Therefore, this study develops a hybrid econometric and system dynamic model to explore the impact of ESCs in the hinterland on a port's throughput and to formulate suitable infrastructure decisions to reduce CO2 emissions from port-hinterland transport. The hybrid model is applied to the Qingdao port and its hinterland transport in Shandong Province, China. The results show that long-term CO2 emissions from port-hinterland transport will increase significantly because Shandong's ESCs will lead to a notable increase in the freight volume of containers, despite a concurrent decrease in the freight volume of iron ore. To reduce port-hinterland transport emissions under ESCs, facilitating railway transport for containers prioritizes over other options. The results also reveal that whether the ESCs are considered will lead to different infrastructure decisions, and whether life-cycle emissions of infrastructure are considered may lead to different priorities of infrastructure options. The findings indicate that holistic view and collaboration among government entities and transport-related stakeholders should be emphasized in the decision making of transport infrastructure development.

Keyword ：

Port Port Emissions Emissions Throughput Throughput Hinterland transport Hinterland transport Structural changes Structural changes Transport infrastructure Transport infrastructure

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Abstract ：

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an essential part for electric vehicles (EVs) and have experienced rapid growth with the strong demand for EVs. Concerns over the sustainable supply of EV-LIBs have been voiced, but only a few studies have investigated the international trade in EV-LIBs, which has a significant impact on EV production in the complicated and volatile international trade environment. To fill this gap, this study investigates the international EV-LIB trade from a dynamic perspective. First, the dynamic structural evolution of the EV-LIB trade from 2012 to 2019 is explored from three perspectives, i.e., backbone structure, geospatial characteristics and trade communities, by constructing a weighted and directed network. Second, the hidden systemic risks in the international EV-LIB trade are revealed by the proposed trade network risk transmission (TNRT) model in two supply shortage scenarios. The results show a heterogeneous structure in the backbone network, and the trade barycenter is transitioning from Asia to Europe. In addition, a 'robust-yet-fragile' characterization is revealed in the global EV-LIB trade network, and the hidden risks in leading EV-LIB exporter nodes and trade edges are uncovered. The findings will support authorities seeking effective strategies to manage the EV-LIB trade and build a more resilient trade system. © 2021

Keyword ：

Lithium-ion batteries Lithium-ion batteries Electric vehicles Electric vehicles Vehicle transmissions Vehicle transmissions Risk perception Risk perception International trade International trade Complex networks Complex networks Ions Ions

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Abstract ：

This paper investigates the time lag effect of carbon emissions using a novel temporal input-output approach (TIO). The sectoral average production time of various sectors is evaluated based on the turnover rate data of 3394 listed companies in China & rsquo;s A-share market. Then, a polynomial function is developed to fit the indirect carbon emissions and time lag at each consumption stage in the industrial chains. Finally, an empirical study is carried out to forecast the time lag effect of carbon emissions with final demand fluctuations based on the latest 2017 input-output table for China. The results show that indirect carbon emissions caused by sectoral economic activities decline stage by stage in the industrial chains, and the decline rate and time lag intensity vary significantly among sectors. The logistics industry has the highest spread efficiency for indirect carbon emissions in the industrial chains, and the con-struction industry is the first industry affected by the indirect carbon emissions caused by the manufacturing industry. The power/thermal industry & rsquo;s impact on China & rsquo;s carbon emissions is the fastest, but its duration is the shortest, while the impact of the manufacturing and mining industries are more stable and durable. However, considering the fluctuations in final demand, the manufacturing industry has replaced the power/thermal industry as the most important industry affecting the time lag effect of China & rsquo;s carbon emissions. This study provides important theoretical and practical value for indirect carbon emissions forecasting. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keyword ：

Polynomial function Polynomial function Input-output approach Input-output approach Forecast Forecast Time lag effect Time lag effect Carbon emission Carbon emission

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