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学者姓名:石照耀
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Abstract :
Flexsplines in harmonic gear reducers are usually characterized by a large number of teeth, small modulus, and poor stiffness, which makes them difficult to measure using conventional gear measuring centers. In order to efficiently evaluate the quality of flexsplines in harmonic gear reducers, a rapid measurement method for flexspline pitch using offset point laser sensors (PLS) is proposed. This paper investigates the principle of measuring the tooth flank of the flexspline under the offset of the PLS, establishes a model for collecting and analyzing gear surface data, builds an experimental system, calibrates the six pose parameters of the sensor using the geometric features of the flexspline's outer circular surface, and completes the reconstruction of the left and right gear surfaces of the flexspline based on the measured data. In the experiment, the gear surface obtained by the proposed method is largely consistent with that measured by the video imaging method, and the repeatability of both single pitch deviation and cumulative pitch deviation is within +/- 3 mu m.
Keyword :
pose calibration pose calibration gear rapid measurement gear rapid measurement flexspline flexspline point laser sensors point laser sensors pitch deviation pitch deviation
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GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xiaoyi , Zheng, Kunlei , Xiao, Longyuan et al. Flexspline Pitch Deviation Rapid Measurement Method Using Offset Point Laser Sensors [J]. | MACHINES , 2024 , 12 (6) . |
MLA | Wang, Xiaoyi et al. "Flexspline Pitch Deviation Rapid Measurement Method Using Offset Point Laser Sensors" . | MACHINES 12 . 6 (2024) . |
APA | Wang, Xiaoyi , Zheng, Kunlei , Xiao, Longyuan , Zhao, Chengxiang , Liu, Mingkang , Zhu, Dongjie et al. Flexspline Pitch Deviation Rapid Measurement Method Using Offset Point Laser Sensors . | MACHINES , 2024 , 12 (6) . |
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Abstract :
A gear integrated error, a combination of individual and composite errors, carries richer information and has long been a key target of classic gear error measurement techniques. However, in the age of intelligent manufacturing, the classic methods for gear integrated error measurement are no longer able to meet the emerging requirements of large-scale gears and real-time online measurement. To address this gap, a novel approach to obtaining the gear integrated error based on GTC-Facet (Gaussian template convolution-Facet) is proposed. This method accurately pinpoints the sub-pixel contour of gears in images, enabling a quick derivation of the gear integrated error curve. From this curve, other individual and composite errors can be analyzed. The gear error information obtained through our method has higher measurement accuracy, achieving a positioning accuracy of 3.6 mu m for the gear profile. Moreover, during the measurement process, the measured gear remains unclamped, and the entire measurement process can be completed within 0.35 s, which is much faster than classic methods. Our method meets the demands of online measurements and provides a new avenue for gear error measurement.
Keyword :
Gaussian convolution Gaussian convolution gear integrated error gear integrated error Canny operator Canny operator sub-pixel sub-pixel machine vision machine vision
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GB/T 7714 | Fang, Yiming , Shi, Zhaoyao , Sun, Yanqiang et al. Gear Integrated Error Determination Using the Gaussian Template Convolution-Facet Method [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2024 , 14 (3) . |
MLA | Fang, Yiming et al. "Gear Integrated Error Determination Using the Gaussian Template Convolution-Facet Method" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 14 . 3 (2024) . |
APA | Fang, Yiming , Shi, Zhaoyao , Sun, Yanqiang , Zhang, Pan . Gear Integrated Error Determination Using the Gaussian Template Convolution-Facet Method . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2024 , 14 (3) . |
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Abstract :
Due to the increasing requirements for the improvement of the accuracy of large coordinate-measuring machines (CMMs), the laser-tracing multi-station measurement technology, as one of the advanced precision measurement technologies, is worth studying in depth in terms of its practical application for the compensation of errors in large CMMs. Since it is difficult to maintain a constant temperature of about 20 degrees C in the actual workshop under the influence of solar radiation and convective heat transfer, there is a gradient in the spatial temperature distribution, and the overall temperature changes with the influence of external factors with synchronous hysteresis, it is difficult for the actual calibration environment to meet the standard environmental requirements. Therefore, the influence of temperature and other environmental factors on the accuracy of laser ranging and large-scale CMM calibration should not be ignored. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the temperature distribution and change rule of large CMM measurement space under different working conditions, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm was used to build a non-uniform-temperature field model, and based on this model and the measurement principle of the laser-tracking instrument, the method of laser tracking and interferometric ranging accuracy enhancement was put forward under a non-uniform-temperature field. Finally, based on the multi-station technique of laser tracing, an accurate solution for the volumetric error of large CMMs under the condition of non -20 degrees C ambient temperature was realized. Simulation results proved that compared with the traditional temperature-compensation method, the proposed method improved the measurement accuracy of the volumetric error of a large-scale CMM using laser-tracing multi-station technology in a non-uniform-temperature field by 33.5%. This study provides a new approach for improving the accuracy of laser-tracer multi-station measurement systems.
Keyword :
laser tracer laser tracer non-uniform-temperature field non-uniform-temperature field large-scale CMM large-scale CMM multi-station measurement technology multi-station measurement technology
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GB/T 7714 | Chen, Hongfang , Zhang, Ao , Sun, Mengyang et al. Laser-Tracing Multi-Station Measurements in a Non-Uniform-Temperature Field [J]. | PHOTONICS , 2024 , 11 (8) . |
MLA | Chen, Hongfang et al. "Laser-Tracing Multi-Station Measurements in a Non-Uniform-Temperature Field" . | PHOTONICS 11 . 8 (2024) . |
APA | Chen, Hongfang , Zhang, Ao , Sun, Mengyang , Li, Changcheng , Wu, Huan , Liang, Ziqi et al. Laser-Tracing Multi-Station Measurements in a Non-Uniform-Temperature Field . | PHOTONICS , 2024 , 11 (8) . |
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Abstract :
This article proposes a new self-calibration method for circular encoders based on inertia and a single read-head. The velocity curves of the circular encoder are fitted with polynomials and, based on the principle of circle closure and the periodicity of the distribution for angle intervals, the proportionality between the theoretical value and the actual value of each angle interval is obtained. In the experimental system constructed, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified through self-calibration experiments, repeatability experiments, and comparative experiments with the time-measurement dynamic reversal (TDR) method. In addition, this article also proposes an iterative method to improve the self-calibration accuracy. Experimental verification was carried out, and the results show that the new method can effectively compensate for the error of angle measurement in the circular encoder. The peak-to-peak value of the error of angle measurement was reduced from 239.343" to 11.867", and the repeatability of the calibration results of the new method was less than 2.77".
Keyword :
single read head single read head circular encoder circular encoder error of angle measurement error of angle measurement self-calibration self-calibration
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GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xiaoyi , Xiao, Longyuan , Zheng, Kunlei et al. Self-Calibration Method for Circular Encoders Based on Inertia and a Single Read-Head [J]. | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (10) . |
MLA | Wang, Xiaoyi et al. "Self-Calibration Method for Circular Encoders Based on Inertia and a Single Read-Head" . | SENSORS 24 . 10 (2024) . |
APA | Wang, Xiaoyi , Xiao, Longyuan , Zheng, Kunlei , Zhao, Chengxiang , Liu, Mingkang , Yao, Tianyang et al. Self-Calibration Method for Circular Encoders Based on Inertia and a Single Read-Head . | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (10) . |
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Abstract :
The verification of the correctness, adaptability, and robustness of software systems in modern precision measurement instruments is of great significance. Due to the difficulty in processing and calibrating high-precision fine-pitch gear artefacts, the function verification and accuracy calibration of vision measurement instruments for the fine-pitch gear have become a challenge. The calibration method of the gear vision measurement system based on the virtual gear artefact involves two steps, namely obtaining and applying the virtual artefact. The obtained virtual gear artefact has the same geometric features, error features, and image edge features as the real artefact. The calibration method based on the virtual artefact can complete the correctness verification of the gear vision measurement system, and is superior to the traditional methods in adaptability verification, robustness verification, and fault analysis. In a test, the characteristic error of the virtual gear artefact could be reproduced with the original shape in the evaluation results of the computer vision gear measurement (CVGM) system, while the reproduction error did not exceed 1.9 mu m. This can meet the requirements of the verification of the gear vision measurement software. The application of the virtual gear artefact can significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of the computer vision measuring instrument of the fine-pitch gear.
Keyword :
master gear master gear vision measuring vision measuring gear gear virtual gear artefact virtual gear artefact
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GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xiaoyi , Yao, Tianyang , Shi, Zhaoyao . Calibration Method Based on Virtual Gear Artefact for Computer Vision Measuring Instrument of Fine Pitch Gear [J]. | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (7) . |
MLA | Wang, Xiaoyi et al. "Calibration Method Based on Virtual Gear Artefact for Computer Vision Measuring Instrument of Fine Pitch Gear" . | SENSORS 24 . 7 (2024) . |
APA | Wang, Xiaoyi , Yao, Tianyang , Shi, Zhaoyao . Calibration Method Based on Virtual Gear Artefact for Computer Vision Measuring Instrument of Fine Pitch Gear . | SENSORS , 2024 , 24 (7) . |
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Abstract :
The complete and accurate acquisition of geometric information forms the bedrock of maintaining high-end instrument performance and monitoring product quality. It is also a prerequisite for achieving the 'precision' and 'intelligence' that the manufacturing industry aspires to achieve. Industrial microscopes, known for their high accuracy and resolution, have become invaluable tools in the precision measurement of small components. However, these industrial microscopes often struggle to demonstrate their advantages when dealing with complex shapes or large tilt angles. This paper introduces a ray-tracing model for point autofocus microscopy, and it provides the quantified relationship formula between the maximum acceptable tilt angle and the beam offset accepted in point autofocus microscopy, then analyzing the maximum acceptable tilt angle of the objects being measured. This novel approach uses the geometric features of a high-precision reference sphere to simulate the tilt angle and displacement of the surface under investigation. The research findings show that the maximum acceptable tilt angles of a point autofocus microscope vary across different measured directions. Additionally, the extent to which the maximum acceptable tilt angles are affected by the distances of the beam offset also varies. Finally, the difference between the experiment results and the theoretical results is less than 0.5 degrees.
Keyword :
small components small components maximum acceptable tilt angle maximum acceptable tilt angle complex components complex components reference sphere reference sphere point autofocus microscopy point autofocus microscopy
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GB/T 7714 | Song, Huixu , Li, Qingwei , Shi, Zhaoyao . Maximum Acceptable Tilt Angle for Point Autofocus Microscopy [J]. | SENSORS , 2023 , 23 (24) . |
MLA | Song, Huixu et al. "Maximum Acceptable Tilt Angle for Point Autofocus Microscopy" . | SENSORS 23 . 24 (2023) . |
APA | Song, Huixu , Li, Qingwei , Shi, Zhaoyao . Maximum Acceptable Tilt Angle for Point Autofocus Microscopy . | SENSORS , 2023 , 23 (24) . |
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Abstract :
The friction factor of harmonic reducers affects the transmission accuracy in electromechanical actuators (EMAs). In this study, we proposed a friction feedforward compensation method based on improved active disturbance rejection control (IADRC). A mathematical model of EMA was developed. The relationship between friction torque and torque current was derived. Furthermore, the compound ADRC control method of second-order speed loop and position loop was studied, and an IADRC control method was proposed. A real EMA was developed, and the working principles of the EMA driving circuit and current sampling were analyzed. The three methods-PI, ADRC, and IADRC-were verified by conducting speed step experiments and sinusoidal tracking experiments. The integral values of time multiplied by the absolute error of the three control modes under the step speed mode were approximately 47.7, 32.1, and 15.5, respectively. Disregarding the inertia of the reducer and assuming that the torque during no-load operation equals the friction torque during constant motion, the findings indicate that, under a load purely driven by inertia, the IADRC control method enhances tracking accuracy.
Keyword :
ADRC ADRC friction compensation friction compensation PMSM PMSM integrated electromechanical actuator integrated electromechanical actuator
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GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Pan , Shi, Zhaoyao , Yu, Bo . Research on Friction Compensation Method of Electromechanical Actuator Based on Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control [J]. | ACTUATORS , 2023 , 12 (12) . |
MLA | Zhang, Pan et al. "Research on Friction Compensation Method of Electromechanical Actuator Based on Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control" . | ACTUATORS 12 . 12 (2023) . |
APA | Zhang, Pan , Shi, Zhaoyao , Yu, Bo . Research on Friction Compensation Method of Electromechanical Actuator Based on Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control . | ACTUATORS , 2023 , 12 (12) . |
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Abstract :
To date, overcoming the trade-off between high solid loading and print accuracy and strength, achieving high -performance and fine ZrO2 micro-ceramic components through vat photopolymerization 3D printing remains challenging. In this study, the effects of dispersant, particle size and solid content on the dispersion, rheological behavior and stability of ZrO2 ceramic slurry were systematically studied, and complex, fine and high -performance ZrO2 micro-ceramic gears were successfully prepared. Then, the microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties and surface quality were evaluated. The results show that the rheological behavior of the slurry is the best when the optimal dispersant content is 3.5 wt%. With the increase of solid content, the sintering shrinkage of ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3 ceramics decreased, while the relative density, compressive strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness increased. The prepared micro-ceramic gears not only have fine structure, but also have dense microstructure and good mechanical properties. The relative density, compressive strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness strength of ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3 ceramics can reach 98.53 %, 1900 MPa, 648 MPa, 6.4 MPa x m1/2 and 13.40 GPa, respectively. In particular, this study couples the printing accuracy and strength with the solid load. By adjusting the relationship between the fixed load and the shrinkage rate, the printing of samples with different sizes is realized, which breaks through the accuracy limit of the printing equipment and provides a new idea for the preparation of micro-ceramic gears.
Keyword :
Ceramic gear Ceramic gear Vat photopolymerization Vat photopolymerization Microstructure Microstructure Property Property 3D printing 3D printing
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GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Lizheng , Zeng, Yong , Yao, Haihua et al. Fabrication and characterization of ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3 micro-ceramic gears with high performance by vat photopolymerization 3D printing [J]. | CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL , 2023 , 50 (3) : 5187-5197 . |
MLA | Zhang, Lizheng et al. "Fabrication and characterization of ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3 micro-ceramic gears with high performance by vat photopolymerization 3D printing" . | CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 50 . 3 (2023) : 5187-5197 . |
APA | Zhang, Lizheng , Zeng, Yong , Yao, Haihua , Shi, Zhaoyao , Chen, Jimin . Fabrication and characterization of ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3 micro-ceramic gears with high performance by vat photopolymerization 3D printing . | CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL , 2023 , 50 (3) , 5187-5197 . |
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Abstract :
The torsional stiffness of the reducer is commonly assumed to be static and tested using the hysteresis curve method. However, practical engineering experience shows that the torsional stiffness is dynamic rather than static, and the hysteresis curve method cannot accurately represent the reducer's torsional stiffness during actual operation. To address these issues, this study conducts theoretical research on the dynamic characteristics of torsional stiffness, introduces a new concept called dynamic torsional stiffness, and provides its analytical formula. A dynamic torsional stiffness testing method based on the transmission error method is proposed, and its feasibility and consistency with the hysteresis curve method are theoretically demonstrated. This method allows the torsional stiffness information of the reducer to be obtained under all operating conditions. Through experimental research, the limitations of the hysteresis curve method are explained, and the dynamic characteristics of the reducer's torsional stiffness, along with the effectiveness of the transmission error method, are verified. Consequently, the torsional stiffness information of the reducer under all operating conditions is obtained. In conclusion, this method is valuable for both theoretical and engineering applications, as it offers a more accurate representation of the dynamic torsional stiffness of the reducer in real-world scenarios.
Keyword :
reducer reducer static torsional stiffness static torsional stiffness dynamic torsional stiffness dynamic torsional stiffness transmission error transmission error hysteresis curve hysteresis curve
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GB/T 7714 | Cheng, Huiming , Shi, Zhaoyao , Yu, Zhiyong et al. Dynamic Torsional Stiffness of Reducers and Its Testing Method [J]. | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (16) . |
MLA | Cheng, Huiming et al. "Dynamic Torsional Stiffness of Reducers and Its Testing Method" . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 . 16 (2023) . |
APA | Cheng, Huiming , Shi, Zhaoyao , Yu, Zhiyong , Zuo, Guangxiang . Dynamic Torsional Stiffness of Reducers and Its Testing Method . | APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL , 2023 , 13 (16) . |
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Abstract :
When a milling tool is used to mill small modulus copper electrode gears (SMCEG), the deformation is inevitable, thus leading to the helix slope deviation (HSD) of copper electrode gears (CEG). To compensate the influence of milling tool deflection (MTD) on the HSD, a universal HSD compensation model was established for different sizes of milling tools. First, using the principle of orthogonal experiment, a linear regression model of milling parameters and milling tool radius is established. Secondly, the average value of the HSD obtained by the gear measuring instrument is converted into the maximum of MTD according to the principle of helix line formation. The maximum deflections of the milling tools are used as the response value of the regression analysis to fit the maximum deflection curve of the milling tool. Through the reverse adjustment of the rotation angle of the rotating motor, the HSD compensation is realized. Finally, the model was verified by the milling tests. The results showed that the helix deviation reached the requirements of level 4 to 5 in GB/T 38192-2019, and proved the correctness of the established MTD model. The model is significant for milling SMCEG.
Keyword :
Milling tool deflection Milling tool deflection Helix slope deviation Helix slope deviation Compensation model Compensation model Regression analysis Regression analysis
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GB/T 7714 | Feng, Zhipeng , Shi, Zhaoyao , Lin, Shoujin et al. A helix slope deviation compensation model for milling small modulus copper electrode gears [J]. | JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 36 (7) : 3609-3618 . |
MLA | Feng, Zhipeng et al. "A helix slope deviation compensation model for milling small modulus copper electrode gears" . | JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 36 . 7 (2022) : 3609-3618 . |
APA | Feng, Zhipeng , Shi, Zhaoyao , Lin, Shoujin , Tong, Aijun , Wang, Peng , Wu, Guoqing . A helix slope deviation compensation model for milling small modulus copper electrode gears . | JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 36 (7) , 3609-3618 . |
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