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学者姓名：金浏
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Abstract ：
Fire is a significant factor that can lead to progressive collapse in structures. Due to spatial limitations, scaled models are often employed in collapse experiments. However, traditional similarity laws for fire testing require scaled models to experience heating rates much higher than those of the prototype, which is difficult to achieve with standard fire furnaces. This study addresses this challenge by conducting numerical analyses on geometrically scaled reinforced RC beam-column structures. A unified similarity law for fire duration is proposed, incorporating key design parameters such as span-depth ratio, reinforcement ratio, and concrete cover thickness. This law enables scaled models to replicate progressive collapse behavior of RC prototype frames. The results reveal that similar mechanical performance can be achieved when rebar and average beam-section temperatures are comparable, despite variations in internal concrete temperatures. Additionally, smaller span-depth ratios cause more severe beam damage under fire exposure. Increasing span-depth ratios from 10 to 12 and 14 has minimal impact on load capacity at ambient temperature. However, smaller span-depth ratios result in higher ultimate load capacity after prolonged fire exposure. These findings provide a practical approach for scaling fire- induced collapse experiments and highlight the role of the key design parameters in determining structural performance under elevated temperatures.
Keyword ：
Scaling law Scaling law RC structure RC structure Progressive collapse Progressive collapse Prototype frame Prototype frame Fire conditions Fire conditions
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| GB/T 7714 | Lan, Dongqiu , Jin, Liu , Yang, Yaowen et al. A scaling law for fire duration in RC frames to resist fire-induced progressive collapse: Considering critical design parameters [J]. | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES , 2025 , 332 . |
| MLA | Lan, Dongqiu et al. "A scaling law for fire duration in RC frames to resist fire-induced progressive collapse: Considering critical design parameters" . | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 332 (2025) . |
| APA | Lan, Dongqiu , Jin, Liu , Yang, Yaowen , Zhang, Renbo , Li, Jian , Qian, Kai . A scaling law for fire duration in RC frames to resist fire-induced progressive collapse: Considering critical design parameters . | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES , 2025 , 332 . |
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Abstract ：
To solve the corrosion problems of steel bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structures and brittle damage in pure fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete structures, hybrid-reinforced concrete (hybrid-RC) structures combining FRP and steel bars have been proposed. The studies on hybrid-RC structures have focused on static loading conditions, while the structures may also be subjected to impact loading, leading to significant damage. Due to the difference in the properties of FRP and steel bars, FRP bars are always equivalent to steel bars based on different principles in calculation and design, e.g., equal-area, equal-strength, and equal-stiffness. In this work, to investigate the impact behavior of hybrid-RC beams and the influence of design principles, 17 specimens were designed and modeled using Basalt FRP (BFRP) bars replacing steel bars. The results show that the equalstrength-reinforced beams have the smallest damage extent, and the largest impact and reaction forces. While the equal-stiffness-reinforced beams have the greatest damage extent, the beams exhibited a better deformation and deformation recovery capacity. The impact resistance of equal-area-reinforced beams is between the remaining two. Besides, to fully utilize the material performance, for structures with high deformation and damage control requirements, it is recommended to use equal-strength-reinforced beams; for structures that need to reduce residual deflections, impact forces and reaction forces, equal-stiffness-reinforced beams are suggested; and if the economy of the materials is considered, equal-area-reinforced beams may be the preferred choice. The current study could be a reference for impact-resistant design for hybrid-RC structures.
Keyword ：
Concrete beam Concrete beam Hybrid reinforcement Hybrid reinforcement Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars Impact response Impact response Equivalence design principle Equivalence design principle
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Renbo , Li, Xinchen , Jin, Liu et al. Impact response of steel-BFRP hybrid-reinforced beams designed with different reinforcement equivalence principles [J]. | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES , 2025 , 333 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Renbo et al. "Impact response of steel-BFRP hybrid-reinforced beams designed with different reinforcement equivalence principles" . | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 333 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Renbo , Li, Xinchen , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . Impact response of steel-BFRP hybrid-reinforced beams designed with different reinforcement equivalence principles . | ENGINEERING STRUCTURES , 2025 , 333 . |
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Abstract ：
This study employs a multiscale numerical approach to establish models of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under different structural spatial constraints to investigate the influence of structural spatial constraints (beam end constraints and adding cast-in-place floor slabs) on the yield mechanism of frame structures. It quantitatively analyzed the influence of end restraints and cast-in-place floor slabs on the shear capacity and stiffness of RC beams. It revealed the mechanisms by which end restraints and cast-in-place floor slabs affect the shear behavior of RC beams and compared the simulated results with the load capacity calculated results according to current codes of various countries. The study found the following: 1) Beam end restraint conditions significantly affect the beams' failure mode, whereas cast-in-place floor slabs have little effect. 2) Changing the beam end restraint from simple to fixed supported dramatically increases the stiffness and shear capacity of the beams. Fixed-end beams can have stiffness and shear capacity up to 3.49 times and 2.66 times higher, respectively, compared to simply supported beams. 3) Adding cast-in-place floor slabs significantly increases the shear capacity and stiffness of the beams. Adding cast-in-place floor slabs to simply and fixed supported beams can increase the shear bearing capacity of the beams by 1.50 times and 1.39 times, respectively, and increase the stiffness by 2.68 times and 1.63 times, respectively; 4) The prediction of the shear bearing capacity of fixed supported beams and beams with cast-in-place floor slabs in various national codes is exceptionally conservative. The simulated values of fixed-supported plus cast-in-place slab beams with a shear-span ratio of 1.0 are 4.00 times, 4.47 times, 6.16 times, and 5.18 times higher than the calculated values in Chinese, American, Canadian, and European codes.
Keyword ：
beam-end restraint beam-end restraint cast-in-place floor slabs cast-in-place floor slabs Reinforced concrete beam Reinforced concrete beam shear performance shear performance meso-scale simulation meso-scale simulation strong beam weak column strong beam weak column
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| GB/T 7714 | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . The Influence of Structural Spatial Constraints on the Shear Performance of RC Beams [J]. | JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING , 2025 , 29 (7) : 1558-1574 . |
| MLA | Lei, Yushuang et al. "The Influence of Structural Spatial Constraints on the Shear Performance of RC Beams" . | JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 29 . 7 (2025) : 1558-1574 . |
| APA | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . The Influence of Structural Spatial Constraints on the Shear Performance of RC Beams . | JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING , 2025 , 29 (7) , 1558-1574 . |
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Abstract ：
In this study, four sets of steel beams of three strength classes with similar geometries were built for episodic but extremely hazardous impact loads to investigate the scaling effects on their dynamic responses at different impact energies, mainly analyzing the effects of structural scaling and impact energies on the damage modes of the beams, the mid-span displacements, the impact forces, and the support reaction forces. The results of the numerical study show that when the impact energy is low, the impact response of the steel beam conforms to the classical similarity law. This is demonstrated by the fact that the normalized displacement, impact force, peak support reaction force, and member energy absorption are almost the same, do not vary with size, and are not affected by steel strength. At higher impact energies, the various dynamic responses deviate from the classical similarity law by up to 45 % and are less affected by steel strength. The scaling effect occurs because, at high energy levels, a steel beam may enter a plastic state or even yield. The area (or volume) that yields and the extent of yielding do not change consistently with variations in size. In addition, the combination of static loading methods yields that the impact energy required for a steel beam to exhibit the scaling effect is approximately three times the energy needed for the beam to enter the yielding stage. In this paper, empirical quantitative formulas (i.e., similarity laws) for predicting the variation of steel beam displacements, impact forces, support reactions, and member energy absorption with size are given based on numerical simulations, and some of the formulas given in the paper are verified in conjunction with previous studies.
Keyword ：
Empirical prediction Empirical prediction Impact response Impact response Structural scale Structural scale Geometrically similar steel beam Geometrically similar steel beam Scaling effect Scaling effect Similarity law Similarity law
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Renbo , Hao, Shaohua , Jin, Liu et al. Scaling effect on impact responses of steel beams and its energy threshold [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES , 2025 , 287 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Renbo et al. "Scaling effect on impact responses of steel beams and its energy threshold" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES 287 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Renbo , Hao, Shaohua , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . Scaling effect on impact responses of steel beams and its energy threshold . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES , 2025 , 287 . |
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Abstract ：
This paper evaluates the seismic performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened shear walls under various CFRP configurations. A comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted on five shear walls specimens. One specimen served as un-strengthened reference specimen, while the remaining four were respectively strengthened using horizontal, X-shaped, combined, and fully wrapped CFRP strips. Based on the test results, the effects of CFRP configurations on the failure modes, shear bearing capacities, and deformation capabilities were thoroughly evaluated. At the same CFRP ratio, the combined strip method significantly enhanced the shear bearing capacity by 27.8 % compared to the un-strengthened specimen. In contrast, the Xshaped strip method showed a limited increase in shear bearing capacity of 6.39 %. Further analyses on the strengthening efficiency of different CFRP configurations revealed that horizontal strips method exhibited the highest strengthening efficiency for the shear strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation, while the Xshaped method exhibited the least effectiveness due to early debonding of the CFRP strips. Finally, the actual shear contribution of CFRP obtained from experiments were compared with the predicted values from current standards, with the comparison results revealing an overestimation of the CFRP shear contribution. To improve the accuracy of CFRP shear contribution predictions, the effective strain reduction coefficient capturing the effects of CFRP configurations was proposed.
Keyword ：
Seismic performance Seismic performance Strengthening efficiency Strengthening efficiency CFRP-strengthened shear wall CFRP-strengthened shear wall Experimental evaluation Experimental evaluation CFRP configurations CFRP configurations
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Binlin , Jin, Liu , Zhao, Ou et al. Experimental evaluation of CFRP-strengthened shear walls with various CFRP configurations [J]. | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES , 2025 , 208 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Binlin et al. "Experimental evaluation of CFRP-strengthened shear walls with various CFRP configurations" . | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES 208 (2025) . |
| APA | Zhang, Binlin , Jin, Liu , Zhao, Ou , Chen, Fengjuan , Du, Xiuli . Experimental evaluation of CFRP-strengthened shear walls with various CFRP configurations . | THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES , 2025 , 208 . |
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Abstract ：
To investigate the effect of beam size on the combined mechanical performance of concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars (BFRP-RC beams), the simulation model of BFRP-RC beams under bending-shear-torsion loading was established with the aid of a mesoscale simulation method. The effects of beam size, stirrup ratio and torsion-bending on damage mechanisms of BFRP-RC beams, as well as the size effect law (SEL) were analyzed. Finally, a prediction formula that can characterize the impact of the torsion-bending ratio and stirrup ratio on BFRP-RC beams' SEL under combined loadings was proposed. Research shows (1) the BFRP-RC beams' damage mode changes from shear to torsion with the torsion-bending ratio improving, and there is a mutual weakening effect between shear and torsion. (2) BFRP-RC beams have noticeable size effects under combined loading. Moreover, the torsional and shear size effects are first enhanced and then weakened as the torsion-bending ratio increases. (3) The beams' torsional and shear strengths increase with increasing stirrup ratio, and the corresponding size effects diminish. (4) The SEL proposed in this study is accurate in predicting the shear and torsional capacity of beams under combined loading.
Keyword ：
Meso-scale numerical method Meso-scale numerical method Stirrup ratio Stirrup ratio Bending-shear-torsional composite loading Bending-shear-torsional composite loading Concrete beams with BFRP bars Concrete beams with BFRP bars Size effect Size effect
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| GB/T 7714 | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Zhu, Huajie et al. Influence of structure size on bending-shear-torsion combined mechanical properties of concrete beams with BFRP bars [J]. | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 24 (4) . |
| MLA | Lei, Yushuang et al. "Influence of structure size on bending-shear-torsion combined mechanical properties of concrete beams with BFRP bars" . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 24 . 4 (2024) . |
| APA | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Zhu, Huajie , Du, Xiuli . Influence of structure size on bending-shear-torsion combined mechanical properties of concrete beams with BFRP bars . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 24 (4) . |
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Abstract ：
To investigate the torsional performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, a mechanical analysis model was established using a three-dimensional numerical method. The model considered the heterogeneity of concrete, and the interactions between steel bars/CFRP sheets and concrete, simultaneously. The validity of the numerical model was first verified. Subsequently, pure torsion was added on 40 CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns to investigate the influences of the fiber ratio, the structure size, and the cross-section shape on their torsional performance. Results showed that (1) size effect can be observed in the nominal torsional strength of both square and circular CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns; (2) the size effect of square columns was stronger than circular columns due to weaker confinement effects of CFRP sheets on the square columns; (3) the addition of CFRP sheets can simultaneously improve the torsional strength and weaken the size effect, which is beneficial to the torsional performance of the column. Moreover, a torsional size effect law was proposed to predict the torsional strength of CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns based on current simulation results.
Keyword ：
CFRP sheet CFRP sheet Size effect Size effect Meso-scale simulation Meso-scale simulation Shape effect Shape effect Torsional failure Torsional failure RC column RC column
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| GB/T 7714 | Jin, Liu , Ji, Yiding , Li, Dong et al. Size- and shape-effects analysis on the pure torsional performance of CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns [J]. | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 24 (4) . |
| MLA | Jin, Liu et al. "Size- and shape-effects analysis on the pure torsional performance of CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns" . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 24 . 4 (2024) . |
| APA | Jin, Liu , Ji, Yiding , Li, Dong , Lei, Yushuang , Du, Xiuli . Size- and shape-effects analysis on the pure torsional performance of CFRP sheet-strengthened RC columns . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 24 (4) . |
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Abstract ：
To reveal the influence of the initial static shear on the torsional performance of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars-Reinforced Concrete (BFRP bars-RC) beams, in this study, 52 BFRP barsRC beam models with geometric similarity using a three-dimensional mesoscale numerical simulation method were established. The effects of initial shear static loadings (F0 = 0, 0.25Vu, 0.5Vu, and 0.75Vu) on the failure modes, torsional strength, ductility, and size effect of BFRP barsRC beams under various equivalent strain rates were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that, regardless of whether the beams have initial damage, their load-bearing capacity and deformation ability increase as loading strain rates increase. For beams with initial damage, the increased degrees in load-bearing capacity relative to their respective initial static shear decreases as the initial static shear level increases but then increases as the subsequent loading strain rate increases. Increasing the beams' initial damage degree makes the beams' ductility worse. In addition, the more severe the beams' initial damage, the more significant the strength size effect. However, increasing the strain rate can weaken the beams' strength size effect.
Keyword ：
Size effect Size effect Torsional loading Torsional loading BFRP bars-RC beams BFRP bars-RC beams Mesoscale simulation Mesoscale simulation Initial damage Initial damage Loading strain rate Loading strain rate
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| GB/T 7714 | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . The influence of initial static shear on the torsional performance of BFRP bars-RC beams with different sizes [J]. | ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS , 2024 , 165 . |
| MLA | Lei, Yushuang et al. "The influence of initial static shear on the torsional performance of BFRP bars-RC beams with different sizes" . | ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS 165 (2024) . |
| APA | Lei, Yushuang , Jin, Liu , Du, Xiuli . The influence of initial static shear on the torsional performance of BFRP bars-RC beams with different sizes . | ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS , 2024 , 165 . |
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Abstract ：
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have better resistance to corrosion and higher tensile strength than steel bars, thus being a prospective material for concrete structures in marine engineering. However, it is less fire-resistant, and the residual bearing capacity of FRP-reinforced concrete members after the fire needs to be clarified. This study explores the impact resistance of Glass FRP-reinforced concrete (GFRP-RC) columns at high temperatures using finite element models. To assess the accuracy of the model, the simulation results were compared with the test results in terms of fire resistance and impact resistance, respectively. Based on these, the impact behavior of GFRP-RC and steel-RC columns were compared and analyzed. The results show that GFRP-RC columns were more severely damaged by impact loading after high temperatures than steel-RC columns. The peak impact forces of the GFRP-RC columns and steel-RC columns are nearly identical. However, the former has a smaller reaction force and a more significant mid-span displacement. Furthermore, the residual axial bearing capacity of GFRP-RC columns after high temperature and impact loading is significantly reduced compared to steel-RC columns. Exposure to high temperatures takes a more significant proportion in the reduction than impact loading. In addition, a relationship between the damage index (based on residual bearing capacity) and the lateral displacement of the columns after fire and impact loadings was established. In contrast, the corresponding damage classification criteria were determined.
Keyword ：
Damage evaluation Damage evaluation High temperature High temperature GFRP reinforced concrete columns GFRP reinforced concrete columns Residual bearing capacity Residual bearing capacity Lateral impact resistance Lateral impact resistance
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| GB/T 7714 | Jin, Liu , Li, Xi , Zhang, Renbo et al. Impact performance and damage assessment of GFRP-RC columns at high temperatures: a numerical insight [J]. | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 25 (1) . |
| MLA | Jin, Liu et al. "Impact performance and damage assessment of GFRP-RC columns at high temperatures: a numerical insight" . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 25 . 1 (2024) . |
| APA | Jin, Liu , Li, Xi , Zhang, Renbo , Du, Xiuli . Impact performance and damage assessment of GFRP-RC columns at high temperatures: a numerical insight . | ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 25 (1) . |
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Abstract ：
Scaling effects on the resistance response of RC components have been found under impact, penetration, and blast. To investigate the mechanism and origins of the scaling effect on the impact response of RC beams, numerical models of geometrically similar beams were established on the ABAQUS platform by considering the strain rate effect. The influence of material properties such as elasticity, plasticity, and strain rate effect on the similarity of beam impact response was accessed and analyzed. Then, the scaling effects of impact characteristics such as time history, damage, effective mass, and span length of RC beams were discussed and compared from the local and global stages. The numerical findings revealed that material properties influence the scaling effect on the impact response and strain rate distribution. The inhomogeneity of strain rate distribution and the difference in dynamic strength caused by the non-uniform scaling for the strain rate effects (DIFs) contribute to the scaling effect. In addition, the two-stage analysis results indicated that the scaling effects exhibited in the local and global responses of RC beams are not entirely consistent. As the scale factor increases, for the large-sized beams, the normalized deformation profile shrinks, the equivalent mass factor decreases, the effective span length changes slower, and the moving velocity of the plastic hinge slows down. Several impact performance characteristics, such as strain rate distribution within the beam and the damage and deformation curve of the beam, will reflect localization as the scale factor increases. It is expected that the preliminary mechanism analysis of this study could provide a reference for analyzing the impact response of prototype beams.
Keyword ：
Scaling effect Scaling effect Strain rate effect Strain rate effect RC beam RC beam Local response Local response Impact behavior Impact behavior
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Jian , Zhang, Renbo , Jin, Liu et al. Mechanism analysis for scaling effect on the impact behaviors of RC beam: From material properties to component response [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING , 2024 , 195 . |
| MLA | Li, Jian et al. "Mechanism analysis for scaling effect on the impact behaviors of RC beam: From material properties to component response" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING 195 (2024) . |
| APA | Li, Jian , Zhang, Renbo , Jin, Liu , Lan, Dongqiu , Du, Xiuli . Mechanism analysis for scaling effect on the impact behaviors of RC beam: From material properties to component response . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING , 2024 , 195 . |
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