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学者姓名：聂祚仁
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Abstract ：
For a long time, solar power has been considered a clean and non-polluting energy source because it absorbs sunlight without consuming other energy or materials and does not emit pollutants. Nevertheless, the manufacturing and end-of-life stages of solar power systems leave an environmental footprint and produce pollutants. Hence, a global perspective on photovoltaic (PV) systems using life cycle assessment methodology is necessary. Here, we investigated the life cycle impacts of P- and N-type PV modules in terms of their energy consumption, carbon emissions, and human toxicity potential. In addition, the energy payback durations of Pand N-type PV modules were computed. In this study, we used the Life Cycle Assessment Basic Database from the National Engineering Laboratory of Industrial Big Data Application Technology at Beijing University of Technology to create a life cycle assessment model for N-type PV modules. Subsequently, we performed a life cycle assessment of Chinese silicon N-type- and P-type PV modules. The research system encompassed the production processes for metallic silicon materials, solar-grade silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells and modules, utilization, recycling, and other interrelated processes. We found that the production and processing of silicon-to-solargrade polysilicon feedstock were crucial stages that significantly affected the energy consumption and environment of P- and N-type PV modules in China. The high electricity consumption of this process, combined with the dominance of coal power in China's electricity structure, contributed to the substantial energy consumption and environmental impacts of the PV modules. Therefore, this stage is critical for the low-carbon and environmentally sustainable manufacturing of N-type PV modules in China. Carbon emissions for both the P-type and Ntype PV modules were lower only during the cell production phase but higher during the other stages when compared to the P-type and N-type PV modules. The n-type bifacial PV modules yielded the highest return on investment in terms of energy. Different regions and installation types have a substantial impact on the carbon emissions of P-type and N-type PV modules. Projections indicate that the potential to lower carbon emissions from n-type PV modules will increase by 2060.
Keyword ：
Carbon emissions Carbon emissions Life cycle assessment Life cycle assessment Energy consumption Energy consumption Energy return on investment Energy return on investment N -type silicon photovoltaics N -type silicon photovoltaics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhenguo , Liu, Yu , Gao, Feng et al. Environmental impact assessment of the manufacture and use of N- type and P-type photovoltaic modules in China [J]. | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 470 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhenguo et al. "Environmental impact assessment of the manufacture and use of N- type and P-type photovoltaic modules in China" . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 470 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhenguo , Liu, Yu , Gao, Feng , Sun, Boxue , Gong, Xianzheng , Nie, Zuoren . Environmental impact assessment of the manufacture and use of N- type and P-type photovoltaic modules in China . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2024 , 470 . |
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Abstract ：
The GPB-II zone is the main strengthening precipitate in the Al-4.5Zn-1.5Mg-1.0Cu-0.35Si (wt.%) crossover alloy, resulting in increased alloy strength and ductility. The atomic structure of the GPB-II zone and its evolution process during aging have been studied by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) in the present work. It is shown that the GPB-II zone is a hybrid precipitate consisting of the L phase (a disordered phase with a QP lattice and is normally present in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy) on the inner part and Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky (GPB) zones (an important strengthening phase in Al-Cu-Mg alloy) on the outer part. The GPB-II zone is formed by the GPB zone nucleating at the Cu site (in-between and on the Sinetwork) of the L phase. The unique combination of the GPB zone and L phase was investigated, and the "Si parallelogram embedding with Cu" was proposed. The GPB zone provides the atoms for the L phase's growth and results in the coarsening of the L phase with few GPB zones after a long aging time. The role of the Zn element in the formation of the GPB-II zone was discussed. It is thought to have a similar effect as Cu and can also promote the formation of GPB zones on the L phase.
Keyword ：
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si alloys Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si alloys HAADF-STEM HAADF-STEM Hybrid precipitate Hybrid precipitate Atomic structure Atomic structure Crossover alloy Crossover alloy
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Kehong , Liang, Shangshang , Wen, Shengping et al. Atomic structure of GPB-II zone and its evolution in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si crossover alloy during aging [J]. | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2024 , 215 . |
| MLA | Guo, Kehong et al. "Atomic structure of GPB-II zone and its evolution in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si crossover alloy during aging" . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 215 (2024) . |
| APA | Guo, Kehong , Liang, Shangshang , Wen, Shengping , Wei, Wu , Wu, Xiaolan , Gao, Kunyuan et al. Atomic structure of GPB-II zone and its evolution in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Si crossover alloy during aging . | MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION , 2024 , 215 . |
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Abstract ：
Between the inherent difficulties associated with high temperature experiments and the inherent complexity of multi-component liquid phase systems, a Grotthuss-like transport mechanism for WO3 in molten Na2WO4 has been discovered and investigated in order to deepen the understanding of the properties of the Na2WO4-WO3 molten salt and to broaden its applications in areas such as electroplating, catalysis and energy. The research on the Grotthuss-like transport mechanism of WO3 in molten Na2WO4 shows that the mass transfer rate of this mechanism is about 1.5 times faster than the self-diffusion of tungsten ions. The bridging oxygen bond of W2O72is longer, the Mayer bond level is lower and has a smaller ELF than that of the non-bridging oxygen bond, which makes the bridging oxygen bond more susceptible to breakage. The total energy, Pauli mutual repulsion energy and orbital interaction energy of the non-bridging oxygen bond are larger than those of the bridging oxygen bond. The transition state of the W2O72- dissociation process is the torsion of the bridging oxygen bond with a potential barrier of 42.903 kJ/mol.
Keyword ：
Na2WO4-WO3 molten salt Na2WO4-WO3 molten salt Grotthuss transport Grotthuss transport First-principles molecular dynamics First-principles molecular dynamics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xinda , Zhang, Liwen , Ma, Liwen et al. First principles modeling of WO3 transport in molten Na2WO4 via a grotthuss-like mechanism and the kinetic characterization involved [J]. | JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS , 2024 , 412 . |
| MLA | Wang, Xinda et al. "First principles modeling of WO3 transport in molten Na2WO4 via a grotthuss-like mechanism and the kinetic characterization involved" . | JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS 412 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Xinda , Zhang, Liwen , Ma, Liwen , Xi, Xiaoli , Nie, Zuoren . First principles modeling of WO3 transport in molten Na2WO4 via a grotthuss-like mechanism and the kinetic characterization involved . | JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS , 2024 , 412 . |
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Abstract ：
本实用新型公开了热电子发射性能测试和表面形貌、元素价态分析装置，该装置包括样品的传输装置、X射线光电子能谱仪、原子力显微镜、热电子发射测量仪以及控制系统。样品传输装置内含有真空获取系统，为样品提供真空环境，以便与其他真空测试系统进行样品传输。X射线光电能谱仪、原子力显微镜、热电子发射测量仪的样品台均处于同一水平位置，并通过金属法兰相连接，通过自身位置调整接收样品传输装置传递的样品，并对其进行功能性表征。在不暴露在外界环境的条件下同时获得元素成分、化学价态、表面形貌结构以及电子发射性能等信息，具有功能多、效率高、测试结果真实可靠等特点，即可实现样品的热电子发射性能测试和表面的原位分析。
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| GB/T 7714 | 杨建参 , 张亚亚 , 沈梦杰 et al. 热电子发射性能测试和表面形貌、元素价态分析装置 : CN202320199436.2[P]. | 2023-02-13 . |
| MLA | 杨建参 et al. "热电子发射性能测试和表面形貌、元素价态分析装置" : CN202320199436.2. | 2023-02-13 . |
| APA | 杨建参 , 张亚亚 , 沈梦杰 , 聂祚仁 . 热电子发射性能测试和表面形貌、元素价态分析装置 : CN202320199436.2. | 2023-02-13 . |
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Abstract ：
<正>党中央和国家层面不断加大对青年科技人才的关注和重视，通过政策“组合拳”，在体制机制、学术环境、科技奖励与资助等多方面为青年科技人才发展提供良好的外部环境，全方位扶持青年科技人才成长成才。党的二十大报告指出，科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力。加快建设国家战略人才力量，努力培养造就更多大师、战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队、青年科技人才……为新时代青年科技人才队伍建设指明了方向和要求。从中央、
Keyword ：
培养造就 培养造就 科技人才队伍 科技人才队伍
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| GB/T 7714 | 聂祚仁 . 培养造就青年科技人才队伍 [J]. | 北京观察 , 2023 , PageCount-页数: 2 (03) : 40-41 . |
| MLA | 聂祚仁 . "培养造就青年科技人才队伍" . | 北京观察 PageCount-页数: 2 . 03 (2023) : 40-41 . |
| APA | 聂祚仁 . 培养造就青年科技人才队伍 . | 北京观察 , 2023 , PageCount-页数: 2 (03) , 40-41 . |
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Abstract ：
使用粉末冶金法将纳米级(70–80 nm)和微米级(500–600 nm)稀土氧化物(La_2O_3,Y_2O_3)与钨粉混合,随后通过冷等静压、中频感应烧结、旋锻、拉拔等一系列工艺制备了W-1.5La_2O_3-0.1Y_2O_3-0.1ZrO_2(质量分数,%)材料。对含有纳米和微米尺寸稀土氧化物的阴极样品使用相同的焊接电流,分别进行了0.5、1、2 h的氩弧焊。结果表明,具有纳米级稀土氧化物的样品在焊接过程中表现出更高的工作稳定性,烧损同比降低了近85.4%。此外,随着工作时间的延长,阴极尖端不同区域的稀土氧化物聚集度显著增加。结合COMSOL Multiphysics温度模拟发现,第二相的扩散活化能降低了近34%。这是因为更为细小的第二相有效地控制了钨基体组织的演变,保留了大量晶界作为通道,促进了活性物质在电子发射过程中的扩散。
Keyword ：
微米级 微米级 氩弧焊 氩弧焊 稀土氧化物 稀土氧化物 W-La_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 W-La_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 纳米级 纳米级 钨阴极 钨阴极 COMSOL Multiphysics COMSOL Multiphysics
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| GB/T 7714 | 郭胤宸 , 杨建参 , 周绍欣 et al. 纳米级和微米级稀土氧化物掺杂W-La_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2阴极尖端的组织和性能（英文） [J]. | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2023 , 52 (02) : 416-425 . |
| MLA | 郭胤宸 et al. "纳米级和微米级稀土氧化物掺杂W-La_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2阴极尖端的组织和性能（英文）" . | 稀有金属材料与工程 52 . 02 (2023) : 416-425 . |
| APA | 郭胤宸 , 杨建参 , 周绍欣 , 袁德林 , 聂祚仁 . 纳米级和微米级稀土氧化物掺杂W-La_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2阴极尖端的组织和性能（英文） . | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2023 , 52 (02) , 416-425 . |
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Abstract ：
<正>当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革突飞猛进，创新范式发生新变化，亟须构建不同创新主体的多组织协同创新体系，以提高创新效率。中共二十大报告提出，要“加强企业主导的产学研深度融合”，这为适应创新范式变化、加快实施创新驱动发展战略指明了方向。近年来，北京国际科技创新中心建设坚持“五子”联动，在打造国家战略科技力量，支撑高质量发展，营造创新发展环境等方面成效显著。
Keyword ：
新范式 新范式 深度融合 深度融合 产学研 产学研
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| GB/T 7714 | 聂祚仁 . 打造产学研深度融合的新范式 [J]. | 北京观察 , 2023 , PageCount-页数: 1 (02) : 71 . |
| MLA | 聂祚仁 . "打造产学研深度融合的新范式" . | 北京观察 PageCount-页数: 1 . 02 (2023) : 71 . |
| APA | 聂祚仁 . 打造产学研深度融合的新范式 . | 北京观察 , 2023 , PageCount-页数: 1 (02) , 71 . |
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Abstract ：
The nucleation and growth processes of pure Fe/pure Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during heat treatment at 380 & DEG;C and 520 & DEG;C were observed through in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of the IMCs were statistically analyzed using image analysis software. The types and distribution of IMCs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that: at 380 & DEG;C, the primary phase of the Fe/Al composite intermetallic compounds was Fe4Al13, formed on the Fe side and habituated with Fe. The IMC was completely transformed from the initial Fe4Al13 to the most stable Fe2Al5, and the Fe2Al5 was the habitus with Fe during the process of holding at 380 & DEG;C for 15 min to 60 min. At 380 & DEG;C, the initial growth rate of the IMC was controlled by reaction, and the growth rate of the thickness and horizontal dimensions was basically the same as 0.02-0.17 & mu;m/min. When the IMC layer thickness reached 4.5 & mu;m, the growth rate of the thickness changed from reaction control to diffusion control and decreased to 0.007 & mu;m/min. After heat treatment at 520 & DEG;C (& LE;20 min), the growth of IMC was still controlled by the reaction, the horizontal growth rate was 0.53 & mu;m/min, the thickness growth rate was 0.23 & mu;m/min, and the main phase of the IMC was the Fe2Al5 phase at 520 & DEG;C/20 min.
Keyword ：
growth rate growth rate pure Fe/pure Al composites pure Fe/pure Al composites habitus habitus in situ heat treatments in situ heat treatments intermetallic compounds intermetallic compounds
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Xiaojun , Gao, Kunyuan , Wang, Zhen et al. In Situ SEM, TEM, EBSD Characterization of Nucleation and Early Growth of Pure Fe/Pure Al Intermetallic Compounds [J]. | MATERIALS , 2023 , 16 (17) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Xiaojun et al. "In Situ SEM, TEM, EBSD Characterization of Nucleation and Early Growth of Pure Fe/Pure Al Intermetallic Compounds" . | MATERIALS 16 . 17 (2023) . |
| APA | Zhang, Xiaojun , Gao, Kunyuan , Wang, Zhen , Hu, Xiuhua , Wang, Jianzhu , Nie, Zuoren . In Situ SEM, TEM, EBSD Characterization of Nucleation and Early Growth of Pure Fe/Pure Al Intermetallic Compounds . | MATERIALS , 2023 , 16 (17) . |
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Abstract ：
针对5E83合金(Er、Zr微合金化5083合金),采用超塑性拉伸试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),探究了Er、Zr微合金元素、晶粒尺寸、变形温度、应变速率对合金超塑性的影响。通过再结晶退火、空冷和水冷的搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),分别获得了晶粒尺寸为7.4、5.2、3.4μm的完全再结晶组织，作为初始状态进行超塑性拉伸。结果表明，初始晶粒尺寸越细小，超塑性伸长率越高。当晶粒尺寸>5μm时，超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化缓慢，细化初始晶粒可显著提高超塑性；而当晶粒尺寸<5μm时，超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化严重，进一步细化初始晶粒对超塑性的提高有限。不同变形温度、应变速率的超塑性拉伸结果显示在变形温度为450～540℃、应变速率为1.67×10~(-4)～1.67×10~(-1) s~(-1),超塑性伸长率随变形温度和应变速率的提高呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势；变形温度为520℃、应变速率为1.67×10~(-3) s~(-1)条件下，水冷FSP态合金获得最大伸长率330%,对应的超塑性变形机理主要是晶界滑移。相比于5083合金，Er、Zr的添加显著提高了超塑性，这主要是由于Er、Zr在Al基体中形成了纳米级弥散的Al_3(Er, Zr)相，在超塑性拉伸时能够钉扎晶界，阻碍晶界迁移，在晶粒尺寸>5μm时，有效地抑制了晶粒长大，从而提高了超塑性。
Keyword ：
微合金化 微合金化 微观结构 微观结构 超塑性 超塑性 5E83铝合金 5E83铝合金
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| GB/T 7714 | 王博 , 高坤元 , 丁宇升 et al. Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性 [J]. | 金属热处理 , 2023 , 48 (04) : 178-183 . |
| MLA | 王博 et al. "Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性" . | 金属热处理 48 . 04 (2023) : 178-183 . |
| APA | 王博 , 高坤元 , 丁宇升 , 文胜平 , 黄晖 , 吴晓蓝 et al. Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性 . | 金属热处理 , 2023 , 48 (04) , 178-183 . |
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Abstract ：
采用显微硬度计与透射电镜等研究了Mg和Si的添加对AlCuMnZr合金时效析出行为和微观组织的影响。结果表明：同时添加Mg和Si显著提高了合金的时效硬度并保证了良好的热稳定性，Al5.5Cu0.25Mg0.3Mn0.2Zr0.15Si合金经540℃固溶7 h及175℃时效24 h后达到峰值硬度，为156.3 HV0.2。Mg的添加细化了AlCuMnZr合金中θ′相尺寸，增加了θ′相数密度，使其分布更弥散、均匀。而在添加Si后，由于σ相、Q相的析出和θ′相周围Si的偏聚，使θ′析出相尺寸进一步减少、粗化速度降低。但在225℃长时间热暴露后，会因为Si的偏聚消失，使部分θ′相粗化，合金的热稳定性下降。
Keyword ：
微合金化 微合金化 热稳定性 热稳定性 θ′相 θ′相 AlCuMnZr合金 AlCuMnZr合金
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| GB/T 7714 | 张浩 , 吴美娴 , 郭科宏 et al. Mg、Si对Al-Cu-Mn-Zr合金时效析出行为及热稳定性的影响 [J]. | 材料热处理学报 , 2023 , 44 (05) : 68-75 . |
| MLA | 张浩 et al. "Mg、Si对Al-Cu-Mn-Zr合金时效析出行为及热稳定性的影响" . | 材料热处理学报 44 . 05 (2023) : 68-75 . |
| APA | 张浩 , 吴美娴 , 郭科宏 , 文胜平 , 態湘沅 , 聂祚仁 . Mg、Si对Al-Cu-Mn-Zr合金时效析出行为及热稳定性的影响 . | 材料热处理学报 , 2023 , 44 (05) , 68-75 . |
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