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学者姓名：王波
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Abstract ：
This study explores the enhancement of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) performance in liquid metals through the addition of solid insulating powders, with a focus on applications in fusion reactors. The effects of varying Al2O3 powder volume fractions on the flow velocity and electrical conductivity of liquid metal under a uniform magnetic field are systematically investigated. Experimental results reveal that adding Al2O3 powder significantly mitigates the MHD-induced flow velocity drop, particularly at higher magnetic field strengths. Three-dimensional numerical simulations corroborate these findings, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental data. An optimal Al2O3 volume fraction of 2% is identified, which maximizes flow velocity under a magnetic field, while further increasing the powder concentration reduces electrical conductivity. At an Al2O3 volume fraction of 3%, the electrical conductivity decreases from 3.4 x 10(6) S/m to 1.95 x 10(6) S/m. The composite exhibits improved stability after sedimentation. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing liquid blanket designs in fusion reactors, offering a practical approach to mitigating MHD effects and enhancing tritium breeding efficiency.
Keyword ：
liquid metal liquid metal solid insulating powder solid insulating powder fusion reactor fusion reactor MHD effect MHD effect flow velocity flow velocity
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Junge , Wang, Bo , Liu, Gaoyuan et al. Enhancing magnetohydrodynamic performance of liquid metal with solid insulating powders for fusion reactor applications [J]. | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 . |
| MLA | Li, Junge et al. "Enhancing magnetohydrodynamic performance of liquid metal with solid insulating powders for fusion reactor applications" . | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2025) . |
| APA | Li, Junge , Wang, Bo , Liu, Gaoyuan , Wang, Jingjing , Wang, Bing . Enhancing magnetohydrodynamic performance of liquid metal with solid insulating powders for fusion reactor applications . | JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , 2025 . |
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Abstract ：
In marine environments, managing heat dissipation and corrosion resistance is critical for the longevity of 304 stainless steel, particularly in electronic devices exposed to high temperatures or operational speeds. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the durability of 304 stainless steel under such conditions by developing a novel composite coating-Superhydrophobic/ZIF-8@CNT/high-entropy alloy (SZCP). The coating was applied to the steel using physical vapor deposition followed by ultrasonic spraying, consisting of a TiVCrAlCu high-entropy alloy film and a superhydrophobic ZIF-8@CNT layer. This innovative approach enhances the steel's thermal emissivity and radiative heat dissipation, as evidenced by the SZCP-coated materials maintaining temperatures up to 12 degrees C cooler than uncoated steel within 85 s. Electrochemical tests confirmed the high-entropy alloy film as an effective corrosion barrier, while the ZIF-8@CNT layer improved electrochemical stability, reducing the corrosion current density by 98.87 % and lowering the corrosion rate to 0.47 mm/year. Furthermore, treatment with Trimethoxy (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-heptadecafluorodecyl) silane (FAS17) imparted self-cleaning properties to the coating, achieving contact angles over 150 degrees and sliding angles below 3 degrees, effectively reducing contamination from substances like sand and yogurt. This research introduces a strategic approach to improve the heat dissipation, self-cleaning, and corrosion resistance of metal substrates in challenging environments, offering significant potential for industrial applications.
Keyword ：
Multi-layered composite coating Multi-layered composite coating Radiative cooling Radiative cooling Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistance MOF-CNT MOF-CNT
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| GB/T 7714 | Liu, Xiaoyu , Tang, Yunhui , Liu, Yuxiang et al. Enhanced low-temperature radiative cooling and marine durability of stainless steel with a novel multi-layered composite coating [J]. | SURFACES AND INTERFACES , 2025 , 62 . |
| MLA | Liu, Xiaoyu et al. "Enhanced low-temperature radiative cooling and marine durability of stainless steel with a novel multi-layered composite coating" . | SURFACES AND INTERFACES 62 (2025) . |
| APA | Liu, Xiaoyu , Tang, Yunhui , Liu, Yuxiang , Cao, Zhilin , Wang, Ruzhi , Wang, Bing et al. Enhanced low-temperature radiative cooling and marine durability of stainless steel with a novel multi-layered composite coating . | SURFACES AND INTERFACES , 2025 , 62 . |
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Abstract ：
The response of tungsten (W) to thermal shock loading, as the best candidate for plasma-facing material (PFM), is an important issue in the research of future fusion devices. Under thermal loading, thermal irradiation damage, including brittle cracking and fatigue cracking, occurs on the surface of tungsten based plasma-facing material (W-PFM). In this work, a new scheme to suppress the thermal irradiation damage to WPFM, i.e. the laminated structure W-PFM scheme, is proposed. Thermal fatigue experiments of laminated structure W composed of W foils with different thickness and heat treatment processes are carried out by using an electron beam device. The samples are subjected to thermal pulses with a power density of 48 MW/m2 for 5000 cycles. The results indicate that the crack damage to the surface of the laminated structure W decreases with the decrease of the thickness of W foils under the same heat treatment conditions. The main cracks are produced on the surface of laminated structure W after cyclic thermal loads have been all approximately parallel to the foil thickness direction. Only the main cracks appear on the surfaces of W foils with a smaller thickness, while crack networks develop on the surfaces of W foils with a larger thickness, in addition to the main cracks with a larger width. In the rolled state, the laminated structure W has the lowest degree of surface plastic deformation for the same thickness. The thermal fatigue crack damage to the surface is quantitatively analyzed by using computer image processing software and analysis software, and scanning electron microscope images of the thermal damage area are finally selected. It is found that the de-stressed state W has the smallest crack area and the smallest number of cracks for the same thickness, indicating that the de-stressed state W has the strongest resistance to irradiation damage. The experimental results also show that in addition to the effect of microstructure, both the uniaxial stress state and the crack-blocking mechanism of the laminated structured W-PFM contribute to the improvement of its thermal fatigue performance. [GRAPHICS] .
Keyword ：
fusion fusion thermal fatigue thermal fatigue plasma facing material plasma facing material tungsten tungsten
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| GB/T 7714 | Qi Chao , Ma Yu-Tian , Qi Yan-Fei et al. Influence of microstructure on thermal fatigue effect of laminated tungsten based plasma-facing material [J]. | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA , 2024 , 73 (11) . |
| MLA | Qi Chao et al. "Influence of microstructure on thermal fatigue effect of laminated tungsten based plasma-facing material" . | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA 73 . 11 (2024) . |
| APA | Qi Chao , Ma Yu-Tian , Qi Yan-Fei , Xiao Shan-Qu , Wang Bo . Influence of microstructure on thermal fatigue effect of laminated tungsten based plasma-facing material . | ACTA PHYSICA SINICA , 2024 , 73 (11) . |
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Abstract ：
As the prime candidate for plasma-facing materials (PFM), the response of tungsten (W) to thermal shock loads is an important research topic for future fusion devices. Under heat loads, the surface of tungsten plasma-facing materials (W-PFM) can experience thermal damage, including brittle cracking and fatigue cracks. Therefore, exploring solutions for thermal damage of W-PFM remains one of the current research focuses. We propose a novel approach to mitigate thermal radiation damage in PFM, namely, the stacked structure W-PFM. The surface thermal stress distribution of the stacked structure W-PFM under heat loads was simulated and analyzed by the finite element method. As the foil thickness decreases, both the peak thermal stresses in the normal direction (ND) and rolling direction (RD) decrease. When the thickness decreases to a certain value, the peak thermal stress in the RD decreases to about 1384 MPa and no longer decreases; while the peak thermal stress in the ND approaches 0 MPa and can be neglected. In the range of approximately 5-100 mm, the accumulated equivalent plastic strain decreases sharply as the thickness decreases; in other thickness ranges, it decreases slowly. Thermal fatigue experiments were conducted on the stacked structure W composed of W foils with different thicknesses and bulk W using an electron beam facility. The samples were applied with a power density of 30 MW/m2 for 10,000 and 20,000 pulses. The cracks on the surface of the stacked structure W extended along the ND direction, while on the surface of bulk W, besides the main crack in the ND direction, a crack network also formed. The experimental results were consistent with finite element simulations. When the pulse number was 10,000, as the thickness of the W foil decreased, the number and width of the cracks on the surface of the stacked structure W decreased. Only four small cracks were present on the surface of stacked structure W (0.05 mm). When the pulse number increased to 20,000, the plastic deformation and number of cracks on the surface of all samples increased. However, the stacked structure W (0.05 mm) only added one small crack and had the smallest surface roughness (Ra = 1.536 mu m). Quantitative analysis of the fatigue cracks showed that the stacked structure W-PFM (0.05 mm) exhibited superior thermal fatigue performance.
Keyword ：
thermal fatigue thermal fatigue fusion fusion irradiation effect irradiation effect plasma facing materials plasma facing materials tungsten tungsten
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| GB/T 7714 | Qi, Chao , Qi, Yanfei , Song, Hanfeng et al. Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Verification of Thermal Fatigue of W-PFM with Stacked Structure [J]. | METALS , 2024 , 14 (5) . |
| MLA | Qi, Chao et al. "Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Verification of Thermal Fatigue of W-PFM with Stacked Structure" . | METALS 14 . 5 (2024) . |
| APA | Qi, Chao , Qi, Yanfei , Song, Hanfeng , Wang, Xiao , Xiao, Shanqu , Wang, Bo . Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Verification of Thermal Fatigue of W-PFM with Stacked Structure . | METALS , 2024 , 14 (5) . |
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Abstract ：
利用液态金属GaInSn合金实验模拟锂基液态氚增殖剂的流体行为，与模拟液态弥散绝缘相的淬火油复合，形成流态氚增殖材料。制备出了一种低电导率特征的金属流体，液态金属GaInSn合金和液态弥散绝缘相淬火油混合成新型流体。研究了磁场、混合比例、温度对其粘度的影响规律，测试了流体的电导率随加入态弥散绝缘相淬火油的变化。结果表明：当磁感应强度超过一定数值后，全液态金属的粘度显著大于添加淬火油复合材料的粘度，说明添加淬火油能有效降低磁流体效应，并且在强磁场下，淬火油复合材料将具有更低的流动阻力；电导率随淬火油的增加近似呈现指数型下降；流态氚增殖剂电导率在静置一段时间后会突然增大，随后在新的电导率水平再次趋于稳定。如果将其重新超声搅拌，则可再次恢复到最初的电导率，这说明实际应用时可循环使用。
Keyword ：
液态金属 液态金属 磁流体 磁流体 电导率 电导率 绝缘相 绝缘相 弥散 弥散
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| GB/T 7714 | 徐坤 , 张丽霞 , 李俊格 et al. 低MHD效应的双液相混合流态氚增殖剂研究 [J]. | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2023 , 52 (12) : 4164-4170 . |
| MLA | 徐坤 et al. "低MHD效应的双液相混合流态氚增殖剂研究" . | 稀有金属材料与工程 52 . 12 (2023) : 4164-4170 . |
| APA | 徐坤 , 张丽霞 , 李俊格 , 王波 . 低MHD效应的双液相混合流态氚增殖剂研究 . | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2023 , 52 (12) , 4164-4170 . |
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Abstract ：
In present paper, a novel flowable tritium breeder is prepared by mixing the Li2TiO3 micro-powders and liquid GaInSn alloy, where GaInSn alloy is used to simulate the fluid behaviors of lithium-based liquid tritium breeder, forming a type of composite characterized by liquid-solid dual phase. In detail, the effects of the volume fraction of ceramic micro-powders on viscosity and conductivity of the composite in magnetic field are the focus. The XRD results prove that the obtained Li2TiO3 micro-powders contained Li2TiO3 phase without impurities. The results shows that once the magnetic field intensity exceeds the critical value, the viscosity of liquid GaInSn metal becomes significantly greater than that of liquid-solid dual-phase composites. Furthermore, the addition of Li2TiO3 micro-powders could effectively reduce the magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) fluid effect, and the dual-phase composites exhibit comparatively lower flow resistance under the strong magnetic field. Moreover, the conductivity of the tritium breeder composites decreases rapidly with the addition of Li2TiO3 micro-powders. The MHD pressure-drop-increasing rate decreases with the increase of viscosity, which indicates that the addition of Li2TiO3 micro-powders effectively reduces the MHD effect. The conductivity of the composites increased slightly and then remained stable after static placing for several tens of minutes. The present investigation provides a novel insight into the fabrication strategy of tritium breeder materials with low MHD effect.
Keyword ：
liquid lithium liquid lithium Li2TiO3 Li2TiO3 viscosity viscosity liquid tritium breeder liquid tritium breeder MHD effect MHD effect
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Kun , Qi, Yanfei , Wang, Bo . An Innovative Approach to Prepare Liquid-Solid Dual-Phase Flowable Tritium Breeder with Low MHD Effect [J]. | MATERIALS , 2023 , 16 (1) . |
| MLA | Xu, Kun et al. "An Innovative Approach to Prepare Liquid-Solid Dual-Phase Flowable Tritium Breeder with Low MHD Effect" . | MATERIALS 16 . 1 (2023) . |
| APA | Xu, Kun , Qi, Yanfei , Wang, Bo . An Innovative Approach to Prepare Liquid-Solid Dual-Phase Flowable Tritium Breeder with Low MHD Effect . | MATERIALS , 2023 , 16 (1) . |
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Abstract ：
In experiments, printing paper is imprinted with three different ink micropatterns (square, grid, and stripe). The wetting contact angle of water droplets on a heterogeneous surface is then investigated using a proportionate scaling molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, where the water droplets and the ink-patterned printing paper are both shrunk by a factor of 200 000 collectively. The errors from the theoretical values are always less than 1 degrees, which is much less than the bias of experimental measurement data, according to the modeling contact angles. It has been demonstrated that this proportionate scaling approach works well to appropriately explain the interaction between micro-/nanostructures and liquids. With a scaling down factor of 200 000, a proportional scaling molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to explore the wetting contact angle. All deviations of the MD modeling contact angles are less than 1 degrees.
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Xiao , Chen, Lijun , Zhang, Chunlai et al. Proportional scaling molecular dynamics simulations of the wetting experiments of water droplets on ink-patterned printing paper [J]. | RSC ADVANCES , 2023 , 13 (47) : 32852-32857 . |
| MLA | Wang, Xiao et al. "Proportional scaling molecular dynamics simulations of the wetting experiments of water droplets on ink-patterned printing paper" . | RSC ADVANCES 13 . 47 (2023) : 32852-32857 . |
| APA | Wang, Xiao , Chen, Lijun , Zhang, Chunlai , Zhang, Xiping , Wu, Yintao , Wang, Bo . Proportional scaling molecular dynamics simulations of the wetting experiments of water droplets on ink-patterned printing paper . | RSC ADVANCES , 2023 , 13 (47) , 32852-32857 . |
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Abstract ：
Refractory high entropy alloys have broad application prospects due to their excellent comprehensive properties in high temperature environments, and they have been widely implemented in many complex working conditions. According to the latest research reports, the preparation technology of bulk and coating refractory high entropy alloys are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation technology are analyzed. In addition, the properties of refractory high entropy alloys, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and radiation resistance are reviewed. The existing scientific problems of refractory high entropy alloys, at present, are put forward, which provide reference for the development and application of refractory high entropy alloys in the future, especially for plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors.
Keyword ：
refractory high entropy alloys refractory high entropy alloys properties properties radiation resistance radiation resistance preparation technology preparation technology
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| GB/T 7714 | Ren, Xiqiang , Li, Yungang , Qi, Yanfei et al. Review on Preparation Technology and Properties of Refractory High Entropy Alloys [J]. | MATERIALS , 2022 , 15 (8) . |
| MLA | Ren, Xiqiang et al. "Review on Preparation Technology and Properties of Refractory High Entropy Alloys" . | MATERIALS 15 . 8 (2022) . |
| APA | Ren, Xiqiang , Li, Yungang , Qi, Yanfei , Wang, Bo . Review on Preparation Technology and Properties of Refractory High Entropy Alloys . | MATERIALS , 2022 , 15 (8) . |
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During the past decades, fusion reactor fuels such as deuterium and tritium have been extensively investigated due to increasing interest in nuclear fusion energy. Tritium, which is scarce in nature, needs to be fabricated by tritium breeder materials. Among the commonly investigated tritium breeder materials, lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) is recognized as one of the most promising solid tritium breeder materials because of its considerable lithium (Li) atomic density, low activation, excellent chemical stability, and low-temperature tritium release performance. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current progress in Li2TiO3 preparation methods as well as the high Li density, tritium release performance, irradiation behavior, and modification technologies of Li2TiO3 pebbles. Li2TiO3 can be synthesized by strategies such as solid-state, sol-gel, hydrothermal, solution combustion synthesis, and co-precipitation methods. Among them, the hydrothermal method is promising due to its simplicity and low cost. Many researchers have begun to focus on composite ceramic pebbles to further improve tritium breeder performance. This will provide a new direction for the future development of Li2TiO3 pebbles. The present review concludes with a summary of the preparation methods currently under development and offers an outlook of future opportunities, which will inspire more in-depth investigation and promote the practical application of Li2TiO3 in this field.
Keyword ：
fabrication method fabrication method tritium breeder tritium breeder modification modification tritium release tritium release irradiation irradiation Li2TiO3 pebbles Li2TiO3 pebbles lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) lithium titanate (Li2TiO3)
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| GB/T 7714 | Xu, Kun , Qi, Chao , Wang, Bo . Recent Progress in Research of Solid Tritium Breeder Materials Li2TiO3: A Review [J]. | COATINGS , 2022 , 12 (8) . |
| MLA | Xu, Kun et al. "Recent Progress in Research of Solid Tritium Breeder Materials Li2TiO3: A Review" . | COATINGS 12 . 8 (2022) . |
| APA | Xu, Kun , Qi, Chao , Wang, Bo . Recent Progress in Research of Solid Tritium Breeder Materials Li2TiO3: A Review . | COATINGS , 2022 , 12 (8) . |
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Abstract ：
Tungsten is considered as the foremost candidate material for the plasma facing material (PFM) in future fusion device, and excellent high temperature oxidation resistance is the important safety criterion to prevent radioactive pollution in case of a Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) with simultaneous air ingress. Recently, high entropy alloys were found to have prominent high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. The present paper focuses on the high temperature oxidation resistance of tungsten based high entropy alloy, and their structures and corrosion resistances are also studied. In this study, thin films of W, WTa, WTaCr, WTaCrV, WTaCrVAl, WTaCrVAlTi and WTaCrVAlTiZr were prepared via the magnetron sputtering method with a kind of composed target consisting of fan-shapes. The results show that as the number of selected elements increases, the entropy increases, the disorder of film structure increases significantly resulting in the formation of amorphous structure, and the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the alloys also improve greatly. The further analysis and experiments proved that: one important reason for the improving of corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance is that the increase of mixing entropy reduces the Gibbs free energy of alloys and makes them more chemically stable; another reason is that the elements of Cr, Al, Ti and Zr can promote the formation of dense oxide passive layer.
Keyword ：
Oxidation kinetics Oxidation kinetics Corrosion behavior Corrosion behavior Microstructure Microstructure Tungsten alloys Tungsten alloys High entropy alloy High entropy alloy
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Wenjie , Qi, Yanfei , Zhang, Lixia et al. The effect of alloy elements on corrosion and oxidative resistance of W-based alloy films [J]. | SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 434 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Wenjie et al. "The effect of alloy elements on corrosion and oxidative resistance of W-based alloy films" . | SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 434 (2022) . |
| APA | Zhang, Wenjie , Qi, Yanfei , Zhang, Lixia , Tang, Yunhui , Qi, Chao , Shen, Qi et al. The effect of alloy elements on corrosion and oxidative resistance of W-based alloy films . | SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY , 2022 , 434 . |
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