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学者姓名：纪常伟
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Abstract ：
Typical usage scenarios for energy storage and electric vehicles (EVs) require lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to operate under extreme conditions, including varying temperatures, high charge/discharge rates, and various depths of charge and discharge, while also fulfilling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interaction requirements. This study empirically investigates the impact of ambient temperature, charge/discharge rate, and charge/discharge cut-off voltage on the capacity degradation rate and internal resistance growth of 18,650 commercial LIBs. The charge/discharge rate was found to have the most significant influence on these parameters, particularly the charging rate. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the risks associated with low-temperature aging and can aid in the prevention or mitigation of safety incidents.
Keyword ：
rate rate cut-off voltage cut-off voltage degradation characteristics degradation characteristics low temperature low temperature lithium-ion battery lithium-ion battery aging aging
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Zhizu , Ji, Changwei , Liu, Yangyi et al. Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments [J]. | BATTERIES-BASEL , 2024 , 10 (3) . |
| MLA | Zhang, Zhizu et al. "Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments" . | BATTERIES-BASEL 10 . 3 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Zhizu , Ji, Changwei , Liu, Yangyi , Wang, Yanan , Wang, Bing , Liu, Dianqing . Effect of Aging Path on Degradation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Low-Temperature Environments . | BATTERIES-BASEL , 2024 , 10 (3) . |
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Abstract ：
Knock-free operation of direct-injection (DI) hydrogen engines at stoichiometric and wide-opening throttle (WOT) conditions is attractive, but combustion knock hinders the implementation of this idea, which inspires the present study. In this work, ammonia, as a combustion inhibitor, is added to the DI hydrogen engine, which is expected to utilize the low reactivity of ammonia and the crowding out of the intake charge to suppress knock and extend speed and lambda corresponding to knock limits. All tests are conducted at WOT conditions. In Part 1, lambda is 1.6, and the speed corresponding to the knock limit is elevated from below 1600 rpm to 2000 rpm by injecting ammonia. In Part 2, the speed is kept at 1600 rpm, and the realization process of the engine shifting from lean operation to stoichiometric operation reflects the effectiveness of ammonia addition in suppressing knock. Then, using the critical knocking state as a boundary, dynamically adjusted ammonia injection enables the engine to achieve stoichiometric operation and prominent power expansion at various speeds. Especially at 3000 rpm, the brake power varies from below 21.0 kW to about 44.2 kW. Furthermore, the suppression mechanism of knock by ammonia addition is revealed by analyzing the mapping relationship between combustion characteristic parameters and knock.
Keyword ：
Power expansion Power expansion Stoichiometric operation Stoichiometric operation Combustion knock Combustion knock Hydrogen Hydrogen Ammonia addition Ammonia addition
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Chen , Xu, Song , Zhao, Shihao et al. Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
| MLA | Hong, Chen et al. "Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine" . | FUEL 375 (2024) . |
| APA | Hong, Chen , Xu, Song , Zhao, Shihao , Zhang, Huachuan , Su, Fangxu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Analysis of ammonia as a combustion inhibitor for combustion knock and power expansion in a DI hydrogen engine . | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
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Abstract ：
Internal combustion engines fueled with mixtures of hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) are potential power devices for reducing carbon emissions. To improve the ignition and combustion performance of NH3/H2, turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can be used. This study aims to investigate NH3/H2/air combustion under TJI modes at low equivalence ratios. Considering that the adoption of the scavenging system is beneficial for improving the reactivity of the pre-chamber, the effect of active TJI with scavenging is also explored. The results show that injecting 1.2 times the initial mixture volume of air is optimal for scavenging, and the scavenging effect becomes significant as the NH3 fraction increases. Using conventional active TJI and active TJI with scavenging effectively improves ignition performance and flame propagation, reducing sensitivity to the equivalence ratio compared to passive TJI mode. Although the adoption of active TJI modes improves the lean flammability limit of NH3/H2, weak flame propagation may occur in the early stage of combustion under ultra-lean conditions. Appropriately increasing the injection of auxiliary H2 can effectively improve this phenomenon.
Keyword ：
Hydrogen Hydrogen Pre-chamber Pre-chamber Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Ammonia Ammonia Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du et al. A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 86 : 208-215 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 86 (2024) : 208-215 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Huaiyu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. A comparative study on the combustion of lean NH3/H2/air ignited by pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition modes . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 86 , 208-215 . |
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Abstract ：
Adopting the low-temperature hydrogen evaporated from the liquid hydrogen is capable of improving volumetric efficiency for the Wankel rotary engine (WRE). Considering the difficulty in ignition and slow flame propagation of low-temperature hydrogen-air mixtures, the passive pre-chamber is used to improve ignition and combustion. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model for a turbulent jet ignition (TJI) WRE fueled by lowtemperature hydrogen was established. The effects of low temperature and TJI on the in-cylinder flow field, combustion, emissions and leakage in the TJI-WRE fueled by low-temperature hydrogen were studied under different ignition timings. The results indicated that low-temperature tends to suppress the flame propagation, whereas TJI can accelerate the flame speed and promote flame propagation to the unburned zone in the combustion chamber. Combining low-temperature hydrogen with the passive pre-chamber can achieve high engine thermal efficiency and power while significantly reducing leakage. With the ignition timing set at 18 degrees CA before the top dead center, the indicated thermal efficiency reached 39.49 % and the indicated mean effective pressure peaked at 0.77 MPa. Compared to the original engine, fresh mixture leakage through spark plug cavities and adjacent chambers was reduced by 72.13 % and 78.79 %, respectively.
Keyword ：
Passive pre-chamber Passive pre-chamber Combustion Combustion Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Wankel rotary engine Wankel rotary engine Low-temperature hydrogen Low-temperature hydrogen
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Changwei , Li, Hanlin , Yang, Jinxin et al. Numerical investigation on the effect of ignition timing on a low-temperature hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine with passive pre-chamber ignition [J]. | ENERGY , 2024 , 313 . |
| MLA | Ji, Changwei et al. "Numerical investigation on the effect of ignition timing on a low-temperature hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine with passive pre-chamber ignition" . | ENERGY 313 (2024) . |
| APA | Ji, Changwei , Li, Hanlin , Yang, Jinxin , Meng, Hao . Numerical investigation on the effect of ignition timing on a low-temperature hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine with passive pre-chamber ignition . | ENERGY , 2024 , 313 . |
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Abstract ：
This study focuses on a four-cylinder, four-stroke hydrogen engine equipped with a passive pre-chamber (PC). The effects of excess air ratio (lambda) on the performance of the turbulent jet ignition (TJI) hydrogen engine are investigated through experimental and numerical simulations. The hydrogen engine operates at 1600 rpm with an intake manifold pressure of 70 kPa. The results show that lambda values significantly influence the internal flow field, energy distribution, and flame development in the PC, affecting the combustion in the main chamber (MC). The experiment found that as lambda decreases, the BMEP and BTE gradually increase. Due to the influence of jet and multi-point ignition, the heat transfer loss in lean combustion is also relatively high. The jet oscillation caused by the TJI hydrogen engine has high controllability and low destructiveness, and lambda is one of the main factors controlling the jet oscillation. The influence of spark timing (ST) on engine performance is explored through experiments. The results show that as lambda increases, the sensitivity of BMEP to ST gradually decreases. With the delay of ST, BTE increased first and then decreased. However, the cyclic variation is less affected by ST. For the TJI hydrogen engine, an appropriate delay in ST under the close stoichiometric ratio condition can not only ensure power output and combustion stability but also reduce emissions.
Keyword ：
Spark timing Spark timing Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Combustion analysis Combustion analysis Hydrogen engine Hydrogen engine Excess air ratio Excess air ratio
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiang, Yanfei , Zhao, Shihao , Yang, Jinxing et al. Effect of excess air ratio and spark timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of turbulent jet ignition direct injection hydrogen engine [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 93 : 1166-1178 . |
| MLA | Qiang, Yanfei et al. "Effect of excess air ratio and spark timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of turbulent jet ignition direct injection hydrogen engine" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 93 (2024) : 1166-1178 . |
| APA | Qiang, Yanfei , Zhao, Shihao , Yang, Jinxing , Cai, Jichun , Su, Fangxu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Effect of excess air ratio and spark timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of turbulent jet ignition direct injection hydrogen engine . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 93 , 1166-1178 . |
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Abstract ：
Turbulent jet ignition (TJI) effectively achieves lean and stable combustion in hydrogen engines. However, research on injection strategies for TJI hydrogen engines is still lacking. In this study, experimental methods investigated the effects of single and split injection strategies on the combustion and emissions of TJI hydrogen engines under medium loads. The numerical simulation reveals the operational characteristics of fuel distribution, ignition capability, and energy conversion in the pre-chamber at different injection times in a single injection strategy. This work is conducted at 1600 rpm with a manifold absolute pressure of 70 kPa. The experimental results indicate that the delay of the start of injection (SOI) can enhance the performance of the TJI hydrogen engine. However, as SOI approaches TDC, emissions worsen, and combustion stability decreases. When SOI is 90 degrees CA BTDC, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) can achieve 3.1 bar and 32.9%, with the coefficient of variation of the IMEP (COVIMEP) of 1.6% and lower emissions. For the split injection strategy, delaying the secondary end of injection (SEOI) can increase BMEP and BTE. As SEOI gradually delays the TDC, emissions deteriorate sharply. Under the split injection strategy, COVIMEP is higher, which is unfavorable for hydrogen engine applications.
Keyword ：
Hydrogen Hydrogen Combustion analysis Combustion analysis Injection strategies Injection strategies Passive pre-chamber ignition Passive pre-chamber ignition
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiang, Yanfei , Cai, Xiaoqian , Xu, Song et al. Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
| MLA | Qiang, Yanfei et al. "Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition" . | FUEL 375 (2024) . |
| APA | Qiang, Yanfei , Cai, Xiaoqian , Xu, Song , Wang, Fuzhi , Zhang, Lijun , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Effect of injection strategy on the hydrogen mixture distribution and combustion of the hydrogen-fueled engine with passive pre-chamber ignition under lean burn condition . | FUEL , 2024 , 375 . |
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Abstract ：
To achieve sustainable transportation, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) should be applied in internal combustion engines. The adoption of turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can improve ignition and combustion stability. The present study aims to explore the combustion characteristics of NH3/H2/air adopting TJI, and the effect of nitrogen (N2) dilution on factors such as ignition mechanism and flame propagation process was analyzed. The results indicate that N2 dilution worsens the combustion of NH3/H2/air. When the H2 volume fraction is 50%, a dilution ratio of 30% can increase the ignition delay and combustion duration by 3-6 times. With the increase of the dilution ratio, sensitivities of ignition delay and combustion duration to dilution ratio are enhanced in both passive TJI and active TJI modes. Compared to passive TJI, the injection of auxiliary gas in active TJI mode reduces the sensitivity of jet velocity to dilution, which can accelerate the early stage of flame development. However, the high turbulence intensity provided by active TJI makes the ignition position closer to the bottom and causes an extended final stage of combustion. For ultra-low reactivity mixtures, the active TJI with the scavenging system can provide sufficient ignition energy, but ignition occurs after prolonged accumulation of heat and radicals, as well as dissipation of turbulence.
Keyword ：
Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics Hydrogen Hydrogen Ammonia Ammonia Nitrogen dilution Nitrogen dilution
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Yang, Haowen et al. Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 82 : 685-692 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 82 (2024) : 685-692 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Shuofeng , Ji, Changwei . Effects of N2 2 dilution on NH3/H2/air 3 /H 2 /air combustion using turbulent jet ignition . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 82 , 685-692 . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) mixture are expected to replace traditional fossil fuels in the transportation industry to achieve zero-carbon emissions. Adopting turbulent jet ignition (TJI) is a reliable way to enhance the ignition and combustion of NH 3 /H 2 . The present study aims to explore the effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of NH 3 /H 2 ignited by TJI. It can be found that the increased initial pressure reduces the jet velocity. Due to the joint effect of weakened turbulence and inherent flame propagation characteristics caused by the elevated pressure, the combustion duration is extended. However, the ignition performance can be enhanced by increasing the initial pressure. Improvement is reflected in the emergence of flame ignition mechanisms and the obvious radial propagation of jet flames in early development. The increase in initial temperature slightly increases the peak jet velocity, while the auxiliary H 2 in active mode will reduce the sensitivity of jet velocity to the initial temperature. Although the increased initial temperature has shown the promotion for achieving rapid ignition and combustion, there is no significant improvement in the ignition mechanism, the ignition is caused by accumulated heat and radicals provided by the reacted jet.
Keyword ：
Initial pressure and temperature Initial pressure and temperature Ammonia Ammonia Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Hydrogen Hydrogen Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du et al. Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 : 1382-1390 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 78 (2024) : 1382-1390 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Du , Wang, Huaiyu , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Effects of initial pressure and temperature on the ignition and combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air adopting turbulent jet ignition . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 , 1382-1390 . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia with low reactivity still faces some challenges as the main fuel for engines. Hydrogen and oxygen, as two combustion improvers, are expected to solve ammonia's reluctance to combust. To date, the application of oxygen enrichment strategies in ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engines is very rare, which motivates this study. The main objective of this investigation is to explore optimal hydrogen injection strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen enrichment strategies for the engine. Optimizing hydrogen injection parameters can vary the ammonia-hydrogen premixing degree, thus improving the flame kernel formation and flame propagation velocity. This is supported by the shortened CA0-90, lowered cyclic variation, and elevated thermal efficiency and power. Oxygen-enriched strategies enhance the heat release process and mitigate the negative effects of ammonia on the ignition process, which reduces cyclic variation and prominently increases power. However, the elevated oxygen concentration may increase the adiabatic flame temperature of the mixture and thus heat transfer loss, which decreases brake thermal efficiency. Moreover, a hypothesis that an ammonia-hydrogen engine may be employed in a hybrid power system in the future is proposed. The results of this work can be used as raw data for developing a hybrid power system.
Keyword ：
Ammonia Ammonia H 2 injection strategy H 2 injection strategy Mixture distribution Mixture distribution Oxygen enrichment Oxygen enrichment Ignition and combustion Ignition and combustion
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Chen , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio [J]. | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
| MLA | Hong, Chen et al. "Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio" . | FUEL 354 (2023) . |
| APA | Hong, Chen , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Shuofeng , Xin, Gu , Qiang, Yanfei , Yang, Jinxin . Evaluation of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment strategies in an ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine under high compression ratio . | FUEL , 2023 , 354 . |
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Abstract ：
Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine (HWRE), as a high power density and eco-friendly internal combustion engine, has the potential to become an alternative for gasoline-fueled piston engines. Cooled EGR, as an effective means of improving engine performance, is less studied based on HWRE. However, due to the different operating way and structure, the flame development and propagation of WRE are significantly different from those of the piston engine, so may the effect of cooled EGR. Hence, the goal of present work is to analyze the effect of cooled EGR on the combustion characteristics of HWRE. This work is conducted under 1500 r/min and wide-open throttle conditions. The results show that when the ignition timing and excess air ratio are fixed at 5 degrees CA ATDC and 1, the cooled EGR level has a significant influence on the combustion process and operating stability. In addition, when maximum brake torque CA50 is employed, within test range, whether stoichiometric or lean combustion, both the brake torque and brake thermal efficiency are monotonous to the cooled EGR level. And cooled EGR can achieve high brake thermal efficiency compared with lean combustion at the same brake torque. Compared with the hydrogen-fueled piston engine, HWRE allows for a higher cooled EGR level whether in terms of efficiency or power output considerations. In general, the cooled EGR can be used as an excellent load control means to achieve high efficiency of HWRE.
Keyword ：
Combustion characteristic Combustion characteristic Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine Hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine Cooled-EGR Cooled-EGR
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| GB/T 7714 | Meng, Hao , Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu et al. Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine [J]. | ENERGY , 2023 , 263 . |
| MLA | Meng, Hao et al. "Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine" . | ENERGY 263 (2023) . |
| APA | Meng, Hao , Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu , Yang, Jinxin , Xin, Gu , Chang, Ke et al. Analysis of combustion characteristics under cooled EGR in the hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine . | ENERGY , 2023 , 263 . |
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