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Wire arc additive manufacturing of 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite: Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism SCIE
期刊论文 | 2025 | WELDING IN THE WORLD
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Abstract :

A novel 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite was fabricated by alternately depositing a 7075 wire and a 5356 wire layer-by-layer using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanism of the produced components under as-deposited and heat-treated conditions were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that there was an interlayer formed between the 7075 layer and 5356 layer, which shows gradient changes in the number of second phases and microhardness. In comparison with single 7075 aluminum alloy components, the heat-treated 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite exhibited superior comprehensive mechanical properties. The elongation was 103.8%, 50.7% higher in vertical and horizontal directions, while the tensile strength was only 18.4% and 14.3% lower, respectively. The fracture modes of 7075 layer and 5356 layer show differences, which were intergranular fracture and intergranular-transgranular mixed fracture, respectively.

Keyword :

Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Laminated composite Laminated composite Aluminum alloy Aluminum alloy Wire arc additive manufacturing Wire arc additive manufacturing

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GB/T 7714 Wang, Yipeng , Zhang, Shuo , Li, Hong et al. Wire arc additive manufacturing of 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite: Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism [J]. | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2025 .
MLA Wang, Yipeng et al. "Wire arc additive manufacturing of 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite: Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism" . | WELDING IN THE WORLD (2025) .
APA Wang, Yipeng , Zhang, Shuo , Li, Hong , Hodulova, Erika , Li, Zhuoxin . Wire arc additive manufacturing of 7075/5356 aluminum alloy laminated composite: Microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism . | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2025 .
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Improvement in microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 7075 aluminum alloy via adjusting TiC particle addition SCIE
期刊论文 | 2024 , 373 | MATERIALS LETTERS
WoS CC Cited Count: 4
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Abstract :

7075 aluminum alloys with varying TiC particle additions were fabricated by simultaneously depositing a standard 7075 wire and a TiC treated wire at different wire feed speed ratios. The effects of TiC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 alloy were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of TiC particles can effectively refine the grain structure through heterogeneous nucleation, and the grain refinement effect was enhanced with increasing TiC particle content in the range of 0-0.70 wt%. Moreover, TiC particles can restrain the continuous distribution of second phase at grain boundaries. TiC particles tended to cluster at grain boundaries as its content exceeded 0.48 wt%, which adversely affected their beneficial effect on the improvement of mechanical properties. At an optimal TiC content of 0.48 wt%, the tensile strength and elongation in the horizontal direction exhibited remarkable enhancements of 27.2% and 319%, respectively, compared to those without the addition TIC particle.

Keyword :

7075 aluminum alloy 7075 aluminum alloy TiC particle TiC particle Wire arc additive manufacturing Wire arc additive manufacturing Mechanical properties Mechanical properties

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GB/T 7714 Wang, Yipeng , Zhang, Shuo , Li, Hong et al. Improvement in microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 7075 aluminum alloy via adjusting TiC particle addition [J]. | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 373 .
MLA Wang, Yipeng et al. "Improvement in microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 7075 aluminum alloy via adjusting TiC particle addition" . | MATERIALS LETTERS 373 (2024) .
APA Wang, Yipeng , Zhang, Shuo , Li, Hong , Liu, Wei , Li, Zhuoxin , Erika, Hodulova et al. Improvement in microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 7075 aluminum alloy via adjusting TiC particle addition . | MATERIALS LETTERS , 2024 , 373 .
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High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated with a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4 + TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 12 (12) | NANOMATERIALS
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Abstract :

In this study, four kinds of nanoparticles, graphite, WS2, Fe3O4, and TiN, were used as lubricating additives for steel/copper friction pairs to solve the problem of welding contact tube wear with non-copper-coated solid wire at high temperature. The single and composite nanoparticles have excellent dispersion stability in absolute ethanol under the action of the compound surfactant NaSTA + OA + PVP (i.e., sodium stearate, oleic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone). The tribological test results showed that the maximum decrement, with reference to the average coefficient of friction and wear volumes, were measured with nanoparticle concentration in 1:1:1 ratio at 300 degrees C. Compared with dry friction, the average friction coefficient and wear volume are reduced by 74.3% and 84.8%, respectively, which may be attributed to the formation of a stable tribo-film mainly composed of C-O, Fe2O3, WO3, TiO2, TiNxOy composite on the worn surface. Therefore, it is considered that the combined lubrication effects of the ball-bearing effect, repairing of worn surfaces, and the tribo-film resulted in the lowest friction and wear.

Keyword :

copper friction pairs copper friction pairs steel steel lubrication mechanism lubrication mechanism nanoparticle nanoparticle tribological properties tribological properties

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Zhu, Jing , Chen, Zisong et al. High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated with a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4 + TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires [J]. | NANOMATERIALS , 2022 , 12 (12) .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated with a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4 + TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires" . | NANOMATERIALS 12 . 12 (2022) .
APA Li, Hong , Zhu, Jing , Chen, Zisong , Li, Zhuoxin , Meng, Bo . High Temperature Tribological Performance of Steel/Copper Friction Pairs Lubricated with a Modified C-WS2-(Fe3O4 + TiN) Nanoadditives in Non-Copper Coated Solid Wires . | NANOMATERIALS , 2022 , 12 (12) .
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Liquation Cracking Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Joints SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 15 (10) | MATERIALS
WoS CC Cited Count: 4
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Abstract :

In this work, aluminum alloy 7075-T651 was welded by using customized Al-Cu-Si and Al-Cu-Mg-Zn filler wire during gas tungsten arc welding. The liquation cracking susceptibility of the joints was tested under a circular-patch welding experiment. Besides, the temperature vs. solid fraction curves (T-f(S)) was calculated for different samples to reveal the formation mechanism of liquation cracking. The joint was susceptible to liquation cracking if (f(S))(weld) > (f(S))(workpiece) during the cooling stage. The results of the circular-patch welding experiment show that the liquation cracking susceptibility of the joint by using ER5356, Al-Cu-1.5-Si-4.5, Al-Cu-3.0-Si-2.5, Al-Cu-4.5-Si-1.5, Al-Cu-2.3-Mg-2.3-Zn-6.6 and Al-Cu-2.2-Mg-2.0-Zn-7.8 filler metal is 22.8%, 8.3%, 2.8%, 2.8%, 3.3% and 1.4%, respectively. The mechanical test shows that the data dispersion of the 7075 gas tungsten arc welding joint can be decreased by eliminating the liquation crack.

Keyword :

gas tungsten arc welding gas tungsten arc welding partial melting zone partial melting zone aluminum alloy aluminum alloy liquation cracking liquation cracking

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GB/T 7714 Li, Zhuoxin , Zhang, Yulin , Li, Hong et al. Liquation Cracking Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Joints [J]. | MATERIALS , 2022 , 15 (10) .
MLA Li, Zhuoxin et al. "Liquation Cracking Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Joints" . | MATERIALS 15 . 10 (2022) .
APA Li, Zhuoxin , Zhang, Yulin , Li, Hong , Wang, Yipeng , Wang, Lijuan , Zhang, Yu . Liquation Cracking Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Joints . | MATERIALS , 2022 , 15 (10) .
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Fabrication of joint based on Cu@Sn@Ag core-shell preform under ambient atmosphere for high-temperature applications SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 66 (7) , 1461-1470 | WELDING IN THE WORLD
WoS CC Cited Count: 4
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Abstract :

This paper presents a novel soldering material for stator winding lead wire of high-power generator based on Cu@Sn@Ag core-shell preform. The Cu@Sn@Ag preform can be reflowed at 280 degrees C for 10 min under a pressure of 0.5 MPa in the atmosphere and the resulting bondline can withstand high temperature up to 450 degrees C, which meets the ultimate service temperature for stator winding up to 370 degrees C. The results show that Sn phase was totally transformed into Cu3Sn and Ag3Sn phases, surrounding Cu particles after reflowing. The Ag3Sn phase surrounded outside the Cu3Sn layer and filled the voids caused by volume shrinkage of Cu3Sn phase and thus formed the dense interconnect interface of Cu3Sn/Ag3Sn. The elastic modulus and microhardness of the Cu/Cu3Sn/Ag3Sn bonding bulk were reduced by 15% and 2% respectively by forming the dense interconnecting interface compared to Cu/Sn system, indicating that low-circle fatigue resistance performance of Cu/Sn/Ag system is excellent. The electrical conductivity of bondline was 5.4 mu omega center dot cm and thermal conductivity was 144.182 W center dot m(-1)center dot K-1. The shear strength of the joints was 44.9 MPa and 40.3 MPa as reflow and after aging at 250 degrees C for 216 h, respectively. This novel preform shows great potential in high-temperature applications.

Keyword :

Transient liquid phase bonding Transient liquid phase bonding Cu@Sn@Ag Cu@Sn@Ag Shear strength Shear strength Preform Preform

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Liu, Xuan , Xu, Hongyan et al. Fabrication of joint based on Cu@Sn@Ag core-shell preform under ambient atmosphere for high-temperature applications [J]. | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2022 , 66 (7) : 1461-1470 .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "Fabrication of joint based on Cu@Sn@Ag core-shell preform under ambient atmosphere for high-temperature applications" . | WELDING IN THE WORLD 66 . 7 (2022) : 1461-1470 .
APA Li, Hong , Liu, Xuan , Xu, Hongyan , Xu, Ju , Hodulova, Erika , Kovarikova, Ingrid . Fabrication of joint based on Cu@Sn@Ag core-shell preform under ambient atmosphere for high-temperature applications . | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2022 , 66 (7) , 1461-1470 .
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Microstructural evolution of Cu/W nano-multilayers filler metal during thermal treatment SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 200 | VACUUM
WoS CC Cited Count: 7
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Abstract :

Copper/Tungsten (Cu/W) nano-multilayers show potential for application as novel low-temperature brazing filler metals. Therefore, researchers are interested in understanding phase stability and microstructural evolution of the nano-multilayers during thermal treatment. A repetition of 50 alternating nanolayers of Cu and W with individual thicknesses of 10 nm were prepared by magnetron-sputtering on silicon substrates. The structural evolution of Cu/W nano-multilayers (NMLs) within the temperature range 400 & DEG;C-800 & DEG;C was monitored using real-time in-situ XRD, SEM, TEM, SAXS, DSC and in-house XRD system. The results showed that the melting point of Cu/W nano-multilayers determined using DSC was 793.694 & DEG;C was remarkably lower than the melting point of bulk Cu(1083 & DEG;C) and W (3140 & DEG;C). After annealing at 400 & DEG;C for 30 min, the surface of the NMLs exhibited more copper grains, with significant coarsening of the copper grains. The layered structure of the Cu/W NMLs was unaffected after annealed at 400 & DEG;C. When annealed at 600 & DEG;C for 30 min, some Cu particles migrated into the W layers along the internal interface leading to cracks which partially collapsed the original stratified structure. The nano-multilayered structure was completely destroyed when annealed at 800 & DEG;C. Further, the in-situ XRD results showed that the copper grains grew substantially, while the tungsten size remained unchanged with increasing temperature.

Keyword :

Cu/W nano-multilayers Cu/W nano-multilayers Microstructure evolution Microstructure evolution Annealing Annealing Thermal stability Thermal stability

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Xing, Zeng-cheng , Li, Bo-jin et al. Microstructural evolution of Cu/W nano-multilayers filler metal during thermal treatment [J]. | VACUUM , 2022 , 200 .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "Microstructural evolution of Cu/W nano-multilayers filler metal during thermal treatment" . | VACUUM 200 (2022) .
APA Li, Hong , Xing, Zeng-cheng , Li, Bo-jin , Liu, Xu-sheng , Lehmert, Benjamin , Matthias, Manka et al. Microstructural evolution of Cu/W nano-multilayers filler metal during thermal treatment . | VACUUM , 2022 , 200 .
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Effects of Al/Zn interlayer on the solidification path and liquation cracking susceptibility of AZ31/ZK61 dissimilar magnesium alloy resistance spot welding joints SCIE
期刊论文 | 2022 , 75 , 60-71 | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
WoS CC Cited Count: 8
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Abstract :

In this study, Al and Zn interlayers are added separately between AZ31 and ZK61 workpieces to investigate the method of eliminating liquation cracking in dissimilar magnesium alloy resistance spot welding (RSW). Calculation of phase diagram technique was used to analyze the effect of Al or Zn element addition on the metallurgical reactions in the nugget. The T-fS curves reveal that the (fS)nugget is higher than (fS)ZK61 during the cooling stage of the AZ31/ZK61 RSW, which triggers the liquation cracking. Adding Al or Zn elements into the nugget can change the T-fS curve of the fusion zone, thereby restraining the liquation cracking at different degrees. Microstructural analysis at the nugget/ZK61 interface shows that the cracks become discontinuous in the AZ31/ Al/ZK61 samples, while the cracks are eliminated in AZ31/Zn/ZK61 samples. With the addition of interlayers, the microstructure of the nugget consisted of fully equi-axed dendrites, while the microstructure of the nugget without interlayer consisted of a mixture of columnar and equi-axed dendrites. Lap-shear test of the dissimilar magnesium alloy RSW joints shows that the mechanical properties of the samples can be improved significantly when the liquation cracking is restrained. The AZ31/ZK61, AZ31/Al/ZK61, and AZ31/Zn/ZK61 samples exhibit nugget-drop-off, partial-interfacial-partial-nugget-drop-off, and fully-interfacial failure modes, respectively.

Keyword :

Liquation cracking Liquation cracking Magnesium alloys Magnesium alloys Resistance spot welding Resistance spot welding Dendritic growth Dendritic growth

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GB/T 7714 Zhang, Yu , Zhou, Zuyu , Fu, Yiqin et al. Effects of Al/Zn interlayer on the solidification path and liquation cracking susceptibility of AZ31/ZK61 dissimilar magnesium alloy resistance spot welding joints [J]. | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2022 , 75 : 60-71 .
MLA Zhang, Yu et al. "Effects of Al/Zn interlayer on the solidification path and liquation cracking susceptibility of AZ31/ZK61 dissimilar magnesium alloy resistance spot welding joints" . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 75 (2022) : 60-71 .
APA Zhang, Yu , Zhou, Zuyu , Fu, Yiqin , Li, Hong , Li, Zhuoxin , Mariusz, Bober et al. Effects of Al/Zn interlayer on the solidification path and liquation cracking susceptibility of AZ31/ZK61 dissimilar magnesium alloy resistance spot welding joints . | JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES , 2022 , 75 , 60-71 .
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Application Progress of Annealing Treatment Process in the Study of Nano-multilayer Films EI CSCD
期刊论文 | 2020 , 34 (2) , 03099-03105 | Materials Reports
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Compared with traditional bulk materials, nano-multilayer films exhibit unique optical, magnetic, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties due to their small-size effects, surface effects, quantum size effects, and quantum tunneling effects. Therefore, nano-multilayer films have been widely used in the areas of optical devices, semiconductors, electromagnetic protection, processing and manufacturing, surface protection and electronic packaging as optical absorbing materials, electromagnetic absorbing materials, magnetic recording materials, photovoltaic materials and low-temperature joining materials. There exists intrinsic size dependence in the physical and mechanical properties with the microstructure of nano-multilayer films. Due to the limitation of the preparation process, defects such as vacancies and dislocations can cause difficulty in fully meeting the requirements of heat resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance in the complex service environment, which limits the further development of nano-multilayer films. In the field of concentrating circuits and chip fabrication, nano-multilayer films devices are often working in a severe environment deviating from the normal temperature. However, metastable nano-multilayer films with high surface free energy tend to reach a state of low-energy and form a stable structure by interdiffusion of immiscible dual phases, interlayer detachment and interface evolution under heat. It might result in the extinction of melting point depression property, superhardness property and so on due to the destructions of the nano-multilayer structure. Therefore, studying on the microstructure evolution, thermal stability and failure mechanism of nano-multilayer films is particularly important for increasing the service life and reliability of nano-multilayer systems. As a common heat treatment method, the annealing process is widely used to eliminate defects in metals, so as to achieve to modify the properties. For nano-multilayer films operating at high temperatures, the annealing process is also an effective means of extending its service life. At present, the main directions of annealing process in nano-multilayer films research and application are: (i) improving nano-multilayer film performance by adopting different annealing temperature, holding time and cooling rate; (ii) investigating the effect of annealing temperature on the thermal stability of nano-multilayer films by increasing the annealing upper limit temperature and obtain a critical temperature that maintains stability of the interface of nano-multilayer. It is found that the appropriate annealing process can refine the nano-multilayer films grain structure, increase the density, decrease the defect density, induce the formation of special structures, reinforcing the interaction of atoms and dislocations. Therefore, the light transmittance of the film is increased with improvement of optical properties, as well as the magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties are significantly improved; (iii) in addition, the nano-multilayer film is annealed in a certain temperature range to observe the bilayer interface evolution, atomic diffusion and new phase formation using TEM, XRD and other means. Thus the structural stability, chemical stability and mechanical stability of nano-multilayer film can be studied. In this paper, the current progress and challenges of annealing process in nano-multilayer films modification and thermal stability research are reviewed. The influence of annealing parameters on the enhancement of nano-multilayer properties including optical properties, magnetic properties, electrical properties, mechanical properties is elaborated. Furthermore, it mainly focuses on the influencing mechanism of elevated temperature annealing on the thermal stability and microstructure evolution of immiscible nano-multilayer system. At last, the further development of annealing process for designing and preparing of high-strength and thermally stable nano-multilayer films are prospected, which has important theoretical significance and application value in materials welding/joining, integrated circuits, cutting tools, absorbing coatings, etc. © 2020, Materials Review Magazine. All right reserved.

Keyword :

Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistance Mechanical stability Mechanical stability Failure (mechanical) Failure (mechanical) Optical multilayers Optical multilayers Chip scale packages Chip scale packages Annealing Annealing Multilayers Multilayers Structural properties Structural properties Magnetic films Magnetic films Cutting tools Cutting tools Chemical stability Chemical stability Metastable phases Metastable phases Film preparation Film preparation Optical properties Optical properties Thermodynamic stability Thermodynamic stability Wear resistance Wear resistance Electronics industry Electronics industry Free energy Free energy Temperature Temperature System stability System stability Microstructure Microstructure Heat resistance Heat resistance Interface states Interface states Multilayer films Multilayer films Physical properties Physical properties

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Xing, Zengcheng , Hodúlová, Erika et al. Application Progress of Annealing Treatment Process in the Study of Nano-multilayer Films [J]. | Materials Reports , 2020 , 34 (2) : 03099-03105 .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "Application Progress of Annealing Treatment Process in the Study of Nano-multilayer Films" . | Materials Reports 34 . 2 (2020) : 03099-03105 .
APA Li, Hong , Xing, Zengcheng , Hodúlová, Erika , Hu, Anming , Tillmann, Wolfgang . Application Progress of Annealing Treatment Process in the Study of Nano-multilayer Films . | Materials Reports , 2020 , 34 (2) , 03099-03105 .
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Laser welding of Ti6Al4V assisted with nanostructured Ni/Al reactive multilayer films SCIE
期刊论文 | 2019 , 181 | MATERIALS & DESIGN
WoS CC Cited Count: 20
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In this paper, the nanostructured reactive multilayer films (RMFs) are used as the intermediate layer to assist laser welding of Ti6Al4V alloy. During the welding process, the heat of the laser ignites the RMFs, and the heat released by the RMFs reaction instantaneously reaches the liquidus temperature in the center of the joint. This new joining method is helpful in reducing the laser energy input, minimizing the increasing brittleness and reducing strength effect of heat affected zone of the titanium alloy base material, and increase the joint strength of welds. The experiment confirmed that the joint with the Ni/Al RMFs as the intermediate layer can achieve a shear strength of 396 MPa at 700 W laser power, which is 3 times as high as that of the direct laser welded joints without using Ni/Al RMFs at the same power. Moreover, the Ni/Al RMFs as an intermediate layer can reduce the laser power required for welding by 10-20% without lowering the joint strength. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keyword :

Laser welding Laser welding Intermediate layer Intermediate layer RMFs RMFs Ti6Al4V Ti6Al4V

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Ma, Ying , Xu, Baozhen et al. Laser welding of Ti6Al4V assisted with nanostructured Ni/Al reactive multilayer films [J]. | MATERIALS & DESIGN , 2019 , 181 .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "Laser welding of Ti6Al4V assisted with nanostructured Ni/Al reactive multilayer films" . | MATERIALS & DESIGN 181 (2019) .
APA Li, Hong , Ma, Ying , Xu, Baozhen , Bridges, Denzel , Zhang, Lingyue , Feng, Zhili et al. Laser welding of Ti6Al4V assisted with nanostructured Ni/Al reactive multilayer films . | MATERIALS & DESIGN , 2019 , 181 .
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The effect of iron-based filler metal element on the properties of brazed stainless steel joints for EGR cooler applications SCIE
期刊论文 | 2019 , 63 (2) , 263-275 | WELDING IN THE WORLD
WoS CC Cited Count: 9
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As an alternative to the traditional nickel-based filler metals, new-type iron-based filler metal has become a development trend for stainless steel brazing in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler fabrication, aiming at decreasing brazing temperature and obtaining higher joint strength with minimal erosion as well as better corrosion resistance. In particular, achieving the satisfying properties with inexpensive raw materials is desirable for broad industrial applications at an economic cost. A new type of iron-based filler metal was designed and developed for SUS304 stainless steel brazing. The effect of B and Mo content on interface microstructure, lap-joint shear strength, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of brazed seam was investigated. The optimum brazing parameters were achieved at 1050 degrees C-20min. Both brazing temperature and holding time are critical factors for controlling the interface microstructure and hence the mechanical properties of the brazed joints. The interface microstructure and erosion of T-joints were observed and analyzed. Additionally, results from the evaluation on wettability, shear strength, and corrosion resistance have been benchmarked against commercial iron-based and nickel-based filler metals. Finally, tensile strength tests of brazed joint with developed iron-based filler metal in a form of paste and amorphous foil were conducted at both room temperature and high temperature.

Keyword :

Wettability Wettability Mechanical property Mechanical property Microstructure Microstructure Vacuum brazing Vacuum brazing Brazed joint Brazed joint Iron-based filler metal Iron-based filler metal EGR cooler EGR cooler Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistance

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GB/T 7714 Li, Hong , Zhang, Xu , Mars, Owe et al. The effect of iron-based filler metal element on the properties of brazed stainless steel joints for EGR cooler applications [J]. | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2019 , 63 (2) : 263-275 .
MLA Li, Hong et al. "The effect of iron-based filler metal element on the properties of brazed stainless steel joints for EGR cooler applications" . | WELDING IN THE WORLD 63 . 2 (2019) : 263-275 .
APA Li, Hong , Zhang, Xu , Mars, Owe , Zhao, XiaoGeng , Lu, Qingsong , Chen, Zhuo . The effect of iron-based filler metal element on the properties of brazed stainless steel joints for EGR cooler applications . | WELDING IN THE WORLD , 2019 , 63 (2) , 263-275 .
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