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Abstract:
T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is an effective visualization method. However, it is non-parametric and cannot be applied to steaming data or online scenarios. Although kernel t-SNE provides an explicit projection from a high-dimensional data space to a low-dimensional feature space, some outliers are not well projected. In this paper, bi-kernel t-SNE is proposed for out-of-sample data visualization. Gaussian kernel matrices of the input and feature spaces are used to approximate the explicit projection. Then principal component analysis is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the feature kernel matrix. Thus, the difference between inliers and outliers is revealed. And any new sample can be well mapped. The performance of the proposed method for out-of-sample projection is tested on several benchmark datasets by comparing it with other state-of-the-art algorithms. © The Author(s) 2020.
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Source :
Information Visualization
ISSN: 1473-8716
Year: 2021
Issue: 1
Volume: 20
Page: 20-34
2 . 3 0 0
JCR@2022
ESI Discipline: COMPUTER SCIENCE;
ESI HC Threshold:87
JCR Journal Grade:3
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 0
SCOPUS Cited Count: 9
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 6
Affiliated Colleges: