Taking　the　Wen　Quan　Tunnel　as　the　research　background,　three　kinds　of　charge　structures　under　hydraulic　blasting　including　the　top-water-decking　charge　structure,　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　and　lower-water-decking　charge　structure　were　simulated　from　the　views　of　stress,　vibration　velocity,　dynamic　damage　and　dust　after　explosion　in　order　to　choose　the　best　charge　structure.　The　results　show　that:　(1)　The　lower-water-decking　charge　structure　is　liable　to　cause　rock　damage　or　even　breakage　at　the　orifice,　resulting　in　the　outflow　of　explosive　gas　and　reduction　of　blasting　effect.　The　explosion　stress　duration　in　the　top-water-decking　charge　structure　and　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　is　longer,　and　it　is　favorable　for　surrounding　rock　fragmentation.　Water　medium　at　the　bottom　of　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　can　protect　the　surrounding　rock　of　the　hole　bottom;　(2)　The　blasting　vibration　speed　and　stress　of　the　surrounding　rock　at　both　ends　of　the　hole　can　be　reduced　by　using　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure,　so　that　the　energy　of　the　explosive　can　be　fully　acted　on　the　surrounding　rock　of　the　hole　wall　to　be　broken,　and　explosive　consumption　can　be　reduced;　(3)　The　top-water-decking　charge　structure　has　the　smallest　damage　to　the　surrounding　rock　of　the　orifice,　which　causes　the　larger　blocks　of　rock　after　breakage.　The　lower-water-decking　charge　structure　forms　the　smallest　damage　area,　which　results　in　high　explosive　consumption.　The　damage　area　formed　by　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　is　regular,　and　the　rock　fragmentation　is　minimum　after　blasting;　(4)　Among　the　three　charg　structures,　the　dust　concentration　of　the　lower-water-decking　charge　structure　is　the　highest　after　explosion.　The　dust　concentration　of　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　after　explosion　is　slightly　higher　than　that　of　the　top-water-decking　charge　structure,　and　the　difference　is　very　small.　However,　the　blasting　effect　of　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　is　better　than　that　of　the　top-water-decking　charge　structure.　In　summary,　the　two　ends-water-decking　charge　structure　is　the　best　and　can　be　used　in　engineering　construction.　©　2020,　Editorial　Office　of　Journal　of　Vibration　and　Shock.　All　right　reserved.