The　adjustment　of　road　toll　is　an　important　measure　that　can　alleviate　road　traffic　congestion　by　convincing　car　travelers　to　travel　during　off-peak　times.　In　order　to　reduce　congestion　on　the　expressway　on　the　first　day　of　a　holiday,　factors　that　affect　the　departure　times　of　holiday　travelers　must　be　comprehensively　understood　to　determine　the　best　strategy　to　persuade　car　travelers　to　avoid　peak　travel　times.　This　paper　takes　holiday　car　travelers　as　the　research　object　and　explores　the　characteristics　and　rules　of　departure　time　choice　behavior　for　different　holiday　lengths.　Based　on　Utility　Maximization　Theory,　a　multinomial　logit　(MNL)　model　of　departure　time　choice　for　a　three-day　short　holiday　and　a　seven-day　long　holiday　was　established.　Model　calibration　and　elastic　analysis　were　carried　out　using　Revealed　Preference/Stated　Preference　(RP/SP)　survey　data.　Additionally,　the　influence　of　the　highway　toll　policy　on　departure　times　for　long　and　short　holidays　was　analyzed.　The　results　show　that　the　rate　of　first-day　departures　is　much　higher　than　that　of　other　departure　times　for　both　short　and　long　vacations　under　the　current　policy　of　free　holiday　passage　on　highways.　Factors　such　as　trip　duration,　size　of　the　tourist　group,　the　number　of　visits,　travel　range,　travel　time,　monthly　income,　occupation,　age　and　road　toll　have　a　significant　influence　on　the　departure　time　decisions　of　holiday　car　travelers,　and　the　effect　and　degree　of　influence　are　markedly　different　for　different　holiday　lengths.　The　effects　of　tolls　for　each　departure　time　and　different　pricing　scenarios　on　the　choice　behavior　of　travelers　are　different　between　long　and　short　holidays.　Furthermore,　the　effectiveness　of　the　road　toll　policy　also　varies　for　travelers　with　different　travel　distances.　This　study　can　provide　useful　information　for　the　guidance　of　holiday　travelers,　the　management　of　holiday　tolls　on　expressways　and　the　formulation　of　holiday　leave　time.