Planar　polishing　is　an　important　manufacturing　process　for　high-precision　planar　components.　In　this　study,　a　real-time　dresser　and　a　planar　polishing　process　based　on　real-time　dressing　for　large-aperture　optical　plane　components　were　developed.　Efficient　dressing　of　a　polishing　pad　surface　can　be　achieved　with　the　real-time　dresser.　Compared　with　the　conventional　method,　real-time　correction　for　the　surface　shape　of　the　polishing　pad　was　realized　via　the　temperature　parameter　t　in　the　real-time　dresser,　and　this　parameter　can　be　optimized　through　optimization　experiments.　Finally,　a　series　of　experiments　was　carried　out　to　verify　the　effectiveness　of　the　real-time　dresser　on　surface　dressing.　Through　the　real-time　dressing　of　the　polishing　pad　surface,　the　flatness　peak-valley　deviation　and　the　root-mean-square　deviation　of　the　flat　optical　element　surface　(430　x　430　mm)　can　reach　3　lambda　and　0.9　lambda,　which　is　improved　by　25%　and　33%,　respectively.　(C)　2022　Optica　Publishing　Group