This　study　explored　the　adaptive　response　of　microbial　community　structure　of　anammox　granular　sludge　(AnGS)　and　the　recovery　effect　of　biomass　addition　strategy　under　dual　inhibitions　of　high　salinity　and　low　temperature.　The　results　showed　that,　anammox　process　stable　operated　in　a　high-salt　environment　(18　g-NaCl　L-1)　at　35　degrees　C,　and　the　nitrogen　removal　rate　(NRR)　reached　0.60　kg-N　m(-3)　d(-1).　The　high　salinity　tolerance　and　recovery　performance　were　attributed　to　the　dominant　functional　bacteria　genus　Unclassified　Candidatus　Brocadiaceae　selected　by　salinity.　When　the　temperature　dropped　to　17　degrees　C,　nitrogen　accumulation　(especially　nitrite)　could　not　be　alleviated　by　simply　reducing　the　substrate　concentration.　After　adding　6　mL　L-1　of　sludge　per　day　with　an　activity　of　0.09　kg-N　kg-VSS-1　d(-1),　nitrogen　removal　performance　quickly　recovered　to　0.42　kg-N　m(-3)　d(-1)　and　reached　0.54　kg-N　m(-3)　d(-1)　as　the　temperature　recovered　to　32　degrees　C.　The　abundance　of　7.75E+10　copies　g-SS-1　may　be　the　primary　value　required　by　anammox　bacteria　in　the　adverse　environment　of　high-salty　and　low-temperature.