Due　to　the　difficulty　of　machining　large-size　involute　artifact,　it　is　even　more　difficult　to　measure,　and　as　a　result,　the　transmission　of　values　in　large　gears　has　always　been　a　problem.　In　this　paper,　an　arc　is　used　instead　of　involute　tooth　profile　to　construct　a　new　type　of　large-size　involute　artifact-the　double-axis　arc-shaped　large-size　involute　artifact.　The　principle　of　the　new　large-size　involute　artifact　is　introduced,　the　design　method　of　the　artifact　is　studied,　the　principle　error　model　of　the　artifact　is　established,　the　single　error　of　the　gear　measuring　instrument　which　can　be　evaluated　by　the　double-axis　arc-shaped　large-size　involute　artifact　is　proposed,　and　the　method　of　evaluating　the　tooth　surface　deviation　measuring　performance　of　the　gear　measuring　instrument　by　using　the　artifact　is　presented.　In　order　to　verify　the　feasibility,　an　artifact　for　testing　principle　was　processed,　and　the　experimental　results　show　that　the　measured　principle　error　curve　of　the　processed　double-axis　arc-shaped　large-size　involute　artifact　is　consistent　with　the　overall　trend　of　the　theoretical　principle　error　curve,　which　is　hump-shaped,　proving　the　accuracy　and　feasibility　of　the　establishment　of　the　principle　error　model　of　the　artifact.　The　magnitude　of　the　entire　assessment　deviation　curve　is　45.　5　μm　within　the　assessment　range,　corresponding　to　a　resulting　pressure　angle　error　of　1.34　μm　/rad.　The　experimental　results　also　demonstrate　the　correctness　of　the　arc　selection　criterion,　the　design　model　of　center　distance　and　the　design　model　of　arc　radius　for　the　double-axis　arc-shaped　large-size　involute　artifact.　The　paper　provides　theoretical　support　for　establishing　the　value　transfer　of　the　large　gear.　©　2022,　Editorial　Board　of　JBUAA.　All　right　reserved.