Physiological　studies　reveal　that　rats　rely　on　multiple　spatial　cells　for　spatial　navigation　and　memory.　In　this　paper,　we　investigated　the　firing　mechanism　of　spatial　cells　within　the　entorhinal-hippocampal　structure　of　the　rat　brain　and　proposed　a　spatial　localization　model　for　mobile　robot.　Its　characteristics　were　as　follows:　on　the　basis　of　the　information　transmission　model　from　grid　cells　to　place　cells,　the　neural　network　model　of　place　cells　interaction　was　introduced　to　obtain　the　place　cell　plate　with　a　single-peaked　excitatory　activity　package.　Then　the　solution　to　the　robot＇s　position　was　achieved　by　establishing　a　transformation　relationship　between　the　position　of　the　excitatory　activity　package　on　the　place　cell　plate　and　the　robot＇s　position　in　the　physical　environment.　In　this　paper,　simulation　experiments　and　physical　experiments　were　designed　to　verify　the　model.　The　experimental　results　showed　that　compared　with　RatSLAM　and　the　model　of　grid　cells　to　place　cells,　the　positioning　performance　of　the　model　in　this　paper　was　more　accurate,　and　the　cumulative　error　in　the　long-time　path　integration　process　of　the　robot　was　also　smaller.　The　research　results　of　this　paper　lay　a　foundation　for　the　robot　navigation　method　that　mimics　the　cognitive　mechanism　of　rat　brain.　Copyright　©2022　Journal　of　Biomedical　Engineering.　All　rights　reserved.