The　bottlenecks　of　applying　the　anaerobic　ammonia　oxidation　(Anammox)　process　are　the　low　growth　rate　of　anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　bacteria　(AnAOB)　and　the　sensitive　response　to　the　environment.　How　to　rapidly　enrich　AnAOB　is　of　great　significance　for　its　future　application.　This　study　focused　on　the　effects　of　low-intensity　direct　current　field　(DCF)　and　negative　pressure　(NP)　operating　systems　on　granulation　process,　extracellular　polymeric　substance　(EPS)　secretion,　AnAOB　activity,　and　microbial　community　structure　of　granules.　The　results　showed　that　appropriate　DCF　stimulation　could　accelerate　the　growth　rate　of　AnAOB　and　promote　more　EPS　secretion.　Nitrogen　removal　rate　(NRR)　and　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　(NRE)　of　total　nitrogen　(TN)　reached　the　highest　under　2　V　voltage　intensity.　NP　could　accelerate　the　reaction　rate　of　the　system　and　enhance　the　sludge　retention　capacity　of　the　reactor.　The　two　start-up　strategies　can　shorten　30–33%　anammox　start-up　time　and　maintain　86–88%　NRE.　These　results　indicate　that　the　two　start-up　strategies　have　feasibility　and　potential　for　the　rapid　start-up　and　stable　operation　of　the　Anammox　process.　©　2022　Elsevier　B.V.