Concrete　cracking　has　a　negative　impact　on　the　durability　of　the　structure.　Pre-implanting　microcapsules　containing　healing　agents　into　the　concrete　are　expected　to　induce　the　cracks　to　self-heal.　However,　the　self-healing　effect　can　potentially　be　influenced　by　several　environmental　conditions,　thus　limiting　its　applications.　To　address　these　challenges,　we　developed　a　new　type　of　water-absorbing　microcapsules,　using　calcium　alginate　hydrogel　as　the　wall　material　and　an　adhesive　epoxy　polymer　as　the　core　material,　to　improve　the　self-healing　adaptability　in　complex　and　changing　environments.　We　explored　the　healing　properties　and　mechanism　of　cementitious　materials　containing　microcapsules　under　various　environmental　conditions.　The　experimental　results　showed　that　the　water-absorbent　microcapsules　exhibit　multiple　self-healing　effects　under　different　external　conditions:　(1)　in　an　anhydrous　environment,　fissures　prompted　the　activation　of　microcapsules,　and　the　epoxy　polymer　flowed　out　to　seal　the　cracks.　(2)　When　exposed　to　water,　the　microcapsules　inflated　to　form　a　seal　around　the　fissures.　(3)　The　microcapsules　facilitated　the　autogenous　healing　of　cracks　in　the　cementitious　material　when　wet　and　dry　conditions　were　alternated.　The　three　self-healing　mechanisms　worked　synergistically　and　contributed　to　the　effective　restoration　of　the　impermeability　and　strength　of　concrete　under　different　environments.　Particularly,　the　recovery　of　compressive　strength　and　impermeability　exceeded　100%　when　the　microcapsule　content　was　4%　and　the　pre-pressure　was　40%　of　f(max).