The　increasing　reliance　on　commercial　income　in　the　nonprofit　sector　(＂nonprofit　commercialization＂)　in　various　countries　has　become　a　highly　contested　topic.　In　recent　years,　Chinese　nonprofits　have　also　paid　growing　attention　to　commercial　activities　and　revenue.　However,　empirical　studies　on　the　commercialization　of　Chinese　nonprofits　are　limited.　This　study　conducts　the　first　empirical　research　to　examine　the　scope　and　antecedents　of　nonprofit　commercialization　in　China.　Through　a　nationwide　survey　of　336　service-delivery　nonprofits　(private　nonenterprise　organizations),　the　study　finds　that　Chinese　nonprofits＇　overall　level　of　commercialization　is　modest,　but　the　level　varies　substantially　by　organization.　Further,　informed　by　resource　dependence　theory,　institutional　theory,　and　organizational　ecology　theory,　the　study　finds　that　Chinese　nonprofit　commercialization　is　driven　by　resource　insufficiency,　government　connections,　and　environmental　munificence.　These　findings　extend　the　literature　on　nonprofit　commercialization　with　new　empirical　evidence　from　a　non-Western,　authoritarian　context.