The　ultrasmall　CoFe2O4　nanoparticles　in　situ　encapsulated　in　porous　N-doped　carbon　nanofibers　membranes　(CFO@PNCFM)　with　different　pore　structures　have　been　prepared　by　electrospinning　and　subsequent　carbon-ization.　When　immediately　used　as　self-standing　anodes　for　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs),　the　optimized　CFO@PNCFM　exhibits　superior　lithium　storage　properties　with　high　rate　capability　(476.5　mAh　g-1　at　2　A　g-1)　and　long　stable　cycle　life　(755.8　mAh　g-1　at　100　mA　g-1　after　200　cycles).　The　outstanding　electrochemical　performance　may　be　mainly　ascribed　to　the　synergistic　effect　of　special　3D　conductive　porous　carbon　nanofibers　(PCNFs)　network　and　ultrafine　CoFe2O4　nanoparticles　in　energy　storage,　which　can　significantly　enhance　the　utilization　efficiency　of　electroactive　materials　and　improve　the　charge-transport　kinetics.　Moreover,　the　CoFe2O4　nanoparticles　bonded　closely　to　PCNFs　through　strong　metal-oxygen　bridges,　which　promote　the　electron　capture　and　transfer　from　PCNFs　to　CoFe2O4,　and　thus　achieving　fast　electrochemical　reaction　kinetics.　Meanwhile,　the　porous　structure　can　not　only　alleviate　the　volume　change　during　charge/discharge　cycles,　but　also　supply　numerous　active　sites　for　lithium　storage,　resulting　in　a　high　reversible　capacity　as　well　as　good　cycle　stability　and　rate　performance.