Drawing　on　the　social-ecological　perspective,　this　longitudinal　study　investigated　the　potential　moderating　effect　of　gender　in　the　relationships　among　Machiavellianism,　popularity　goals,　and　cyberbullying　involvement　(i.e.　victimization,　perpetration)　among　adolescents　from　China,　Cyprus,　India,　and　the　United　States.　There　were　2,452　adolescents　(M-age　=　14.85;　SD　=　.53;　13-16　years　old;　49.1%　girls)　from　China,　Cyprus,　India,　and　the　United　States　included　in　this　study.　They　completed　surveys　on　Machiavellianism,　popularity　goals,　and　cyberbullying　victimization　and　perpetration　during　the　fall　of　2014　(Time　1).　One　year　later,　during　the　fall　of　2015,　adolescents　completed　surveys　on　cyberbullying　victimization　and　perpetration.　Findings　revealed　that　Machiavellianism　and　popularity　goals　were　both　associated　positively　with　Time　2　cyberbullying　victimization　and　perpetration　for　all　adolescents.　The　associations　between　Machiavellianism　and　Time　2　cyberbullying　perpetration　and　between　popularity　goals　and　Time　2　cyberbullying　perpetration　were　stronger　for　Chinese　and　Indian　boys　than　girls.　Opposite　patterns　were　found　for　popularity　goals　and　Time　2　cyberbullying　perpetration　for　adolescents　from　the　United　States.　Gender　did　not　moderate　any　of　the　associations　for　Cypriot　adolescents　or　for　Time　2　cyberbullying　victimization.　The　social-ecological　perspective　provides　a　useful　understanding　of　how　various　contexts　influence　bullying.