Energy　and　water　support　the　three　pillars　of　sustainable　development-the　economic,　the　social,　and　the　environmental-in　that　they　enable　poverty　reduction,　job　creation,　and　human　well-being　in　general.　A　multiregional　input-output　model　(MRIO)　is　established　to　estimate　the　flows　of　embodied　energy　and　virtual　water　in　China-US　trade　in　2015.　Then,　a　structure　decomposition　analysis　(SDA)　model　is　used　to　analyze　the　factors　affecting　the　differences　in　embodied　energy　and　virtual　water　in　China-US　trade.　There　are　three　notable　findings:　(1)　The　net　exported　embodied　energy　in　China　is　94.41　Mtoe　(million　tons　of　oil　equivalent),　and　the　net　exported　virtual　water　is　4.48　Bm(3)　(billion　cubic　meters),　among　which　Guangdong　province　exports　the　most　embodied　energy　(17.01　Mtoe)　and　Jiangsu　province　exports　the　most　virtual　water　(2.58　Bm(3));　these　exports　are　mainly　concentrated　in　the　metal　and　nonmetal　product　sector　(embodied　energy)　and　the　agriculture　sector　(virtual　water).　(2)　From　the　embodied　energy　perspective,　the　input-output　structure　effect　(63.93　Mtoe)　plays　the　most　important　role　in　increasing　the　embodied　energy　differences.　However,　the　final　demand　per　capita　(-20.93　Mtoe)　is　the　largest　negative　factor　decreasing　the　differences　in　the　export　of　embodied　energy.　(3)　From　the　virtual　water　perspective,　the　input-output　structure　effect　(2.41　Bm(3))　plays　the　most　important　positive　role　in　increasing　the　differences　between　China　and　the　US;　in　contrast,　the　final　per-capita　demand　(-1.78　Bm(3))　is　the　most　important　negative　factor　for　decreasing　the　differences　in　virtual　water.