Glioblastoma　(GBM)　is　the　most　aggressive　primary　brain　tumor　with　poor　prognosis　and　high　recurrence　rate.　The　presence　of　the　blood-brain　barrier　(BBB)　prevents　diagnostic　and　therapeutic　drugs　from　penetrating　and　working　in　GBM.　In　traditional　surgical　treatment,　it　is　difficult　to　completely　distinguish　the　boundary　between　tumor　and　surrounding　normal　tissue,　resulting　in　incomplete　resection　of　tumor.　Therefore,　the　diagnosis　and　treatment　of　GBM　are　very　challenging.　Several　molecular　probes　and　nanoprobes　have　been　reported　to　successfully　penetrate　the　BBB,　selectively　target　and　accumulate　in　GBM　to　achieve　in　situ　imaging　of　brain　tumors,　thus　achieving　accurate　diagnosis　and　treatment　of　orthotopic　or　non-orthotopic　GBM.　This　paper　reviews　the　advances　of　molecular　probes　and　nanoprobes　in　image-guided　diagnosis　and　treatment　of　GBM.　The　design　principle,　application,　and　advantages　of　each　probe　are　enumerated　in　detail.　Finally,　the　prospects　and　potential　challenges　of　probes　in　the　diagnosis　and　treatment　of　GBM　are　discussed　with　a　view　to　further　promote　the　study　and　application　of　novel　imaging　probes　in　GBM.