The　pH-responsive　fluorescent　P(1,8-naphthalic　anhydride　(NA)-acrylic　acid　(AA))　matrix　was　successfully　prepared　by　a　doping　method　using　poly(acrylic　acid)　(PAA)　as　a　pH-sensitive　polymer　and　NA　as　a　fluorescent　tracer.　The　fluorescent　behaviors　of　the　used　NA　dispersed　in　PAA　frameworks　were　demonstrated　based　on　fractal　features　combined　with　various　characterizations,　such　as　small-angle　X-ray　scattering　(SAXS)　patterns,　photoluminescence　(PL)　spectra,　scanning　electron　microscope　(SEM)　images,　thermogravimetry　(TG)　profiles,　Fourier　transform　infrared　(FT-IR)　spectroscopy,　and　time-resolved　decays.　The　effects　of　NA-doping　on　the　representative　fluorescent　P(NA-AA)　were　investigated,　in　which　the　fluorescent　performance　of　the　doped　NA　was　emphasized.　The　results　indicated　that　aggregated　clusters　of　the　doped　NA　were　gradually　serious　with　an　increase　in　NA　doping　amount　or　extension　of　NA　doping　time,　accompanied　by　an　increase　in　mass　fractal　dimension　(Dm)　values.　Meanwhile,　the　doped　NA　presented　stable　fluorescent　properties　during　the　swelling–shrinking　process　of　PAA.　Ibuprofen　(IBU)　was　used　as　a　model　drug,　and　fractal　evolutions　of　the　obtained　P(NA-AA)　along　with　the　drug　loading　and　releasing　behaviors　were　evaluated　via　SAXS　patterns,　in　which　the　drug-loaded　P(NA-AA)　presented　surface　fractal　(Ds)　characteristics,　while　the　Dm　value　varied　from　2.94　to　2.58　during　sustained　drug-release　in　pH　2.0,　indicating　occurrences　of　its　structural　transformation　from　dense　to　loose　with　extension　of　IBU-releasing　time.　Finally,　the　cytotoxicity　and　cellular　uptake　behaviors　of　the　obtained　P(NA-AA)　were　preliminarily　explored.　These　demonstrations　revealed　that　the　resultant　P(NA-AA)　should　be　a　potential　intelligent-responsive　drug　carrier　for　targeted　delivery.　©　2023　by　the　authors.