Bolted　connections　are　widely　used　in　various　mechanical　structures　due　to　their　structural　and　strength　advantages.　However,　the　bolted　connection　will　fracture　and　lead　to　failure　under　the　action　of　excessive　load,　which　affects　the　service　reliability　of　the　structure.　In　this　work,　the　mechanical　performance　of　single-lap　bolted　connection　under　impact　load　was　elaborated　by　finite　element　analysis.　In　order　to　obtain　a　more　reliable　connection,　different　parameters　were　considered,　i.e.　tightening　torque,　load　amplitude,　friction　coefficients　for　the　contact　surfaces,　etc.　In　order　to　investigate　the　effect　of　various　friction　coefficients　on　the　structural　slip　under　impact　load,　orthogonal　tests　were　designed　and　carried　out.　The　results　showed　that　the　influence　ranking　of　each　friction　coefficient　on　the　structural　slip　was as　follows:　contact　friction　coefficient,　thread　friction　coefficient,　head　friction　coefficient,　and　bearing　surface　friction　coefficient.　The　performance　under　impact　load　was　positively　related　to　the　magnitude　of　the　tightening　torque.　Within　a　certain　impact　load　amplitude　threshold,　the　structural　performance　was　relatively　stable.　The　reference　basis　for　the　reliability　design　of　bolted　connections　based　on　the　service　and　structural　performance　can　be　obtained　from　the　finite　element　analysis　results.　©　2023,　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　license　to　Springer　Nature　Singapore　Pte　Ltd.