Multiple　ecosystems　(grassland,　desert　and　shrubs)　always　coexist　in　ecologically　fragile　areas.　Influence　by　external　environmental　conditions　and　human　activities,　one　ecosystem　in　ecologically　fragile　areas　would　be　changed　into　another,　called　abrupt　change.　It　is　important　to　analyze　the　stability　of　each　ecosystem　in　ecologically　fragile　areas　under　the　condition　of　multiple　ecosystems　coexistence　for　understanding　ecosystem　changes.　In　this　article,　we　reviewed　several　mathematical　models　that　can　describe　the　dynamic　system　and　stability　of　multiple　ecosystems　in　ecologically　fragile　areas.　The　dynamic　system　described　by　differential　equations　included　the　uniform　and　non-uniform　ecosystems,　as　well　as　multi-ecosystems　with　the　existence　of　forests,　grasses,　and　deserts.　There　were　three　types　of　methods　for　analyzing　the　stability　of　the　ecosystem.　One　type　was　the　analysis　method　of　ecosystem　stability　caused　by　the　initial　perturbation　that　could　represent　human　activities,　and　the　other　type　was　the　analysis　method　of　ecosystem　stability　caused　by　the　model　perturbation　that　can　represent　the　changes　of　environmental　factors　(precipitation,　temperature,　etc.),　and　the　third　type　was　the　analysis　method　of　ecosystem　stability　caused　by　the　combination　of　initial　perturbation　and　model　perturbation.　Finally,　we　introduced　how　to　analyze　the　stabilities　of　ecosystem　in　ecologically　fragile　areas　with　those　methods.　These　mathematical　methods　not　only　help　us　understand　the　stability　of　the　ecosystems　in　the　ecologically　fragile　area,　but　also　provide　theoretical　guidance　for　the　abrupt　change　of　the　ecological　system,　future　prediction,　and　management.　©　2022,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.