With　the　growing　energy　demand　in　transportation,　climate　change,　and　energy　security　issues　coming　to　the　fore,　the　development　of　renewable　fuels　is　becoming　urgent.　Hydrogen　and　ammonia,　which　are　produced　from　a　wide　range　of　sources　and　do　not　contain　carbon　themselves,　will　play　an　important　role　in　the　future　decarbonization　process.　Various　types　of　alcohols　and　ethers,　which　can　be　obtained　from　synthesizing　the　captured　CO2　and　H2　and　biofuels　from　biomaterials,　are　effective　ways　to　achieve　carbon　neutrality　and　have　inherent　combustion　properties　similar　to　those　of　gasoline　or　diesel.　The　applications　of　various　zero　carbon　and　carbon　neural　fuels　in　the　spark　ignition　(SI)　and　compression　ignition　(CI)　internal　combustion　engines　were　reviewed　and　their　effects　on　engine　performance　and　emission　characteristics　were　analyzed.　Hydrogen,　a　zero-carbon　fuel,　has　good　combustion　characteristics　and　can　be　used　alone　to　achieve　zero　carbon　emissions,　and　can　be　an　additive　to　promoting　the　combustion　of　the　main　fuel　to　reduce　carbon　emissions.　Ammonia,　another　zero-carbon　fuel,　has　excellent　anti-knock　properties　and　can　be　mixed　with　hydrogen　in　engines,　however,　higher　nitrogen　oxide　(NOx)　emissions　need　to　be　concerned.　Various　types　of　carbon-neutral　fuels　can　be　used　alone　or　mixed　with　hydrogen　in　engines　to　attain　engine　high　efficiency　and　low　emissions.　©　2022,　Editorial　Department　of　Journal　of　Beijing　University　of　Technology.　All　right　reserved.