Transition　metal　phosphides　(TMPs)　have　attracted　increasing　attention　as　robust　and　efficient　catalyst　materials　owing　to　their　unique　electronic　properties　and　stabilities.　Here,　CoP-decorated　N,P-doped　necklace-like　carbon　(CoP@N,P-CNFs)　was　fabricated　by　thermal　treatment　of　electrospun　ZIF-67　spheres.　The　resulting　CoP　exhibits　not　only　fine　nanostructures　but　also　synergistic　effects　with　N,P-doped　carbon.　Polyacrylonitrile-derived　nanofibers　also　promote　the　conductivity　of　the　complex.　As　a　consequence,　CoP@N,P-CNFs　exhibited　excellent　electrocatalytic　oxygen　reduction　activities　and　Al-air　battery　performance.　It　is　believed　that　nanofibers　supporting　metal-organic　framework-derived　heteroatom-doped　carbon-encapsulated　TMPs　can　be　extended　to　broad　applications　in　energy　storage　and　conversions.　©　2021