Trade　facilitation　is　essential　to　lowering　overall　trade　costs　and　increasing　economic　returns　on　both　the　multilateral　and　regional　levels.　Trade　facilitation　is　also　an　integral　part　of　trade　agreements　and　has　become　an　important　component　of　the　Belt　and　Road　Initiative　(BRI).　This　paper　adopts　a　time-varying　stochastic　frontier　gravity　model　and　a　trade　inefficiency　model　and　assigns　values　to　different　trade　facilitation　provisions　to　construct　relevant　indicators　to　assess　the　impacts　of　the　trade　facilitation　provisions　of　the　World　Trade　Organization　Trade　Facilitation　Agreement　(WTO　TFA)　and　regional　trade　agreements　(RTAs)　on　trade　efficiency　between　China　and　BRI　countries,　as　well　as　on　the　current　conditions　and　challenges　of　fresh　agricultural　product　trade　between　China　and　countries　of　the　BRI,　using　data　from　2011　to　2020.　The　results　show　that　the　size　of　domestic　markets　and　population　positively　affect　agricultural　trade　between　China　and　BRI　countries,　while　geographical　distance　has　a　negative　impact　on　their　scale　of　trade.　Moreover,　this　study　finds　that　the　obligations　set　out　in　trade　facilitation　provisions　of　RTAs　play　an　important　role　in　improving　trade　efficiency,　and　among　these　trade　facilitation　obligations　improving　the　legal　provisions　of　＂information　transparency＂,　＂customs　cooperation＂　and　＂advance　ruling＂　can　significantly　improve　trade　efficiency,　however,　some　measures　relating　to　＂formalities＂　could　potentially　constitute　barriers　to　trade.　This　study　innovatively　carried　out　an　analysis　of　the　impact　of　trade　facilitation　provisions　on　agricultural　trade　flows　and　efficiency　from　the　perspectives　of　international　trade　law　and　economics　and　provides　new　policy　recommendations　for　BRI　countries　to　support　agricultural　trade.