In　this　study,　activated　carbon-loaded　nano-zero-valent　iron　(nZVI-C)　composites　were　added　to　anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　bacteria　(AnAOB)　to　overcome　the　inhibition　of　tetracycline　hydrochloride　(TCH).　Results　showed　that　500　mg　L-1　nZVI-C　effectively　mitigated　the　long-term　inhibition　of　1.5　mg　L-1　TCH　on　AnAOB　and　significantly　improved　the　total　nitrogen　removal　efficiency　(TNRE)　(from　65.27%　to　86.99%).　Spectroscopic　analysis　revealed　that　nZVI-C　increased　the　content　of　N-H　and　C--O　groups　in　EPS,　which　contributed　to　the　adsorption　of　TCH.　The　accumulation　of　humic　acid-like　substances　in　EPS　was　also　conducive　to　strengthening　the　extracellular　defense　level.　In　addition,　TCH-degrading　bacteria　(Clostridium　and　Mycobacterium)　were　enriched　in　situ,　and　the　abundance　of　Ca.　Brocadia　was　significantly　increased　(from　10.69%　to　18.59%).　Furthermore,　nZVI-C　increased　the　abundance　of　genes　encoding　tetracycline　inactivation　(tetX),　promoted　mineralization　of　TCH　by　90%,　weakening　the　inhibition　of　TCH　on　microbial　nitrogen　metabolism.　nZVI-C　accelerated　the　electron　consumption　of　anammox　bacteria　by　upregulating　the　abundance　of　electron　genera-tion　genes　(nxrA,　hdh)　and　providing　electrons　directly.