The　Electro-Hydrostatic　Actuator　(EHA)　plays　an　essential　part　in　power-by-wire　(PBW)　systems　due　to　its　compact　volume　and　high　power　density　ratio.　However,　it　is　fairly　usual　for　the　performance　of　a　highly　integrated　EHA　to　be　adversely　affected　by　heat　dissipation.　In　this　paper,　taking　into　account　the　effect　of　physical　heat　characteristics,　thermal　network　model　is　created　to　depict　the　heat　dissipation　of　an　EHA　system.　A　dynamic　performance　degradation　model　is　enhanced　to　appropriately　evaluate　the　performance　of　the　EHA　system.　A　novel　real-time　corrected　thermal　network　model　based　on　artificial　neural　network　(RCTN-ANN)　is　developed,　the　key　idea　of　the　proposed　model　is　to　correct　parameters　by　using　trained　RCTN-ANN　model　and　online　data,　and　simulate　the　performance　deterioration　of　online　EHA,　which　can　then　be　used　for　prognostics　and　health　management　(PHM)　of　EHA　under　actual　working　conditions.　Validated　using　actual　EHA　experiment,　the　results　show　that　the　proposed　method　provides　an　accurate　performance　prediction　with　dynamic　data,　which　is　significant　for　the　real-time　PHM　of　the　EHA　system.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd