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The spatial mismatch between jobs and housing in cities creates long daily travels that exacerbate climate change, air pollution, and traffic congestion. Yet, not enough research on occupational differences has been done. This study first applies the Hidden Markov Mixture Model (H3M) to model travel patterns for different occupation groups in Hong Kong. Then, the Variational Bayesian Hierarchical EM algorithm is used to identify common lifestyle clusters. Next, a binary logistic regression is developed to examine whether the lifestyle clusters can be explained by jobs-housing balance. This study is among the first to consider travel patterns as a Markov process and apply H3M to examine jobs-housing balance by fine-grain occupation group. The method is transferable and universally applicable; and the results provide occupation-specific insights on jobs-housing balance in an Asian context. The research findings suggest that different occupation groups have different travel patterns in Hong Kong. Two lifestyle clusters, “balanced and compact activity space” and “work-oriented and extensive travels”, are unveiled. Notably, the latter is associated a lower level of jobs-housing balance. Some occupations in the quaternary industry (“information and communications”, “profession, science and technology”, “real estate”, and “finance and insurance”) are having more serious jobs-housing imbalance. The paper concludes with a discussion on improving the occupation-specific jobs-housing balance in accordance with Hong Kong’s future development goals. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Transportation
ISSN: 0049-4488
Year: 2023
Issue: 5
Volume: 51
Page: 1857-1877
ESI Discipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL;
ESI HC Threshold:9
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 0
SCOPUS Cited Count: 4
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 4
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