Rare　earth　elements　and　transition　elements　are　widely　used　in　aluminum　alloys,　magnesium　alloys　and　copper　alloys　due　to　their　unique　microalloying　effects.　With　regard　to　in-depth　research　on　the　grain　refinement　characteristics　of　rare　earth　elements　and　transition　elements,　the　combination　of　grain　refinement　and　microalloying　in　the　master　alloys　has　a　great　impact　on　the　theories　and　technical　research　of　refinement,　and　the　broadening　of　the　application　field　of　master　alloys.　This　paper　first　summarizes　the　grain　refinement　mechanisms　and　analyzes　the　effects　of　rare　earth　elements　and　transition　elements　on　the　grain　refinement　of　aluminum　and　aluminum　alloys,　and　summarizes　the　elements　suitable　for　the　preparation　of　Al-M　master　alloys　and　their　refinement　mechanism.