Re-suspended　road　dust　RRD　as　RRD2.5　and　RRD10　can　even　more　easily　enter　the　atmospheric　environment,　showing　a　kind　of　significant　potential　to　influence　atmospheric　environment.　A　campaign　of　sampling　RRD　samples　at　53　sites　and　aerosol　samples　at　a　representative　urban　site　in　Beijing　in　October　2014,　January,　April　and　July　2015　was　accomplished,　and　combined　with　RRD　in　2003,　and　2016–2018　periods　to　investigate　the　seasonal　variations　of　chemical　components　in　RRD2.5　and　RRD10,　long-term　evolutions　of　RRD　characteristics　in　2003–2018,　and　source　composition　changes　of　RRD.　Meanwhile　a　technique　based　on　Mg/Al　indicator　for　effectively　estimating　contributions　of　RRD　to　PM　was　developed.　It　is　found　that　pollution　elements　and　water-soluble　ions　in　RRD　were　largely　enriched　in　RRD2.5.　The　pollution　elements　presented　an　obvious　seasonal　variation　in　RRD2.5,　however　showed　various　seasonal　variations　in　RRD10.　These　pollution　elements　in　RRD,　due　to　being　mainly　impacted　by　both　increasing　traffic　activities　and　atmospheric　pollution　control　measures,　almost　display　a　single-peak　change　in　2003–2018.　The　water-soluble　ions　in　RRD2.5　and　RRD10　presented　various　seasonal　variations,　and　displayed　an　evident　increase　in　2003–2015.　The　source　composition　of　RRD　in　2003–2015　posed　a　significant　change　that　traffic　activities,　crustal　soil,　secondary　pollution　species　and　biomass　combustion　became　significant　contributors　to　RRD.　The　contributions　of　RRD2.5/RRD10　to　mineral　aerosols　in　PM2.5/PM10　presented　a　similar　seasonal　variation.　The　synergistic　effects　of　meteorological　factors　and　anthropogenic　activities　in　different　seasons　were　significant　motive　force　influencing　the　contributions　of　RRD　to　the　mineral　aerosols.　The　pollution　elements　Cr　and　Ni　in　RRD2.5　were　the　significant　contributors　to　PM2.5,　however,　Cr,　Ni,　Cu,　Zn,　and　Pb　in　RRD10　were　the　important　contributors　to　PM10.　The　research　will　provide　a　new　significant　scientific　guide　for　further　controlling　atmospheric　pollution　and　improving　air　quality.　©　2023