Homogeneous　ion　transport　during　Li+　plating/stripping　plays　a　significant　role　in　the　stability　of　Li　metal　anodes　(LMAs)　and　the　electrochemical　performance　of　Li　metal　batteries　(LMBs).　Controlled　ion　transport　with　uniform　Li+　distribution　is　expected　to　suppress　notorious　Li　dendrite　growth　while　stabilizing　the　susceptible　solid　electrolyte　interfacial　(SEI)　film　and　optimizing　the　electrochemical　stability.　Here,　we　are　committed　to　rendering　a　comprehensive　study　of　Li+　transport　during　the　Li　plating/stripping　process　related　to　the　interactions　between　the　Li　dendrites　and　SEI　film.　Moreover,　rational　ion　modulation　strategies　based　on　functional　separators,　artificial　SEI　films,　solid-state　electrolytes　and　structured　anodes　are　introduced　to　homogenize　Li+　flux　and　stabilize　the　lithium　metal　surface.　Finally,　the　current　issues　and　potential　opportunities　for　ion　transport　regulation　to　boost　the　high　energy　density　of　LMBs　are　described.