Transparent　hard　and　brittle　(THB)　materials　have　generated　significant　interest　due　to　their　excellent　properties,　such　as　wide　spectral　transmittance,　heat　resistance,　chemical　inactivity　and　high　mechanical　strength.　To　further　explore　the　application　of　THB　materials,　it　is　inevitable　to　be　confronted　with　a　range　of　joining　THB　materials　and　THB　material-metals.　Ultrafast　(UF)　laser　microwelding　enables　a　new　means　of　joining　THB　materials　and　THB　material-metals,　due　to　a　localized　energy　deposition　method,　which　is　dominated　by　nonlinear　absorption.　This　process　can　realize　high-quality　micro-zone　direct　joining　of　THB　materials　or　THB　material-metals　without　the　assistance　of　a　light-absorbing　intermediate　layer.　In　this　paper,　we　review　the　advances　in　UF　laser　microwelding　of　THB　materials　and　THB　material-metals　considering　the　last　two　decades,　from　the　analysis　of　the　interaction　mechanism　between　UF　laser　and　matter　to　the　key　influencing　factors　and　practical　applications　of　this　technology.　Finally,　the　existing　problems　and　the　future　research　focus　of　UF　laser　microwelding　technology　of　THB　materials　and　THB　material-metals　are　discussed.