The　discovery　of　anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　(anammox)　opens　a　new　window　for　turning　the　energy　-intensive　mainstream　municipal　wastewater　treatment　into　energy　self-sufficient　or　even　energy-positive.　Currently,　anammox　processes　are　mainly　performed　based　on　partial　nitrification　(PN)　providing　nitrite,　while　it　highly　depends　on　the　operating　conditions　as　well　as　strictly　process　control　for　the　continuous　sup-pression　of　nitrite-oxidizing　bacteria　(NOB).　Partial　denitrification　(PD),　the　reduction　of　nitrate　to　nitrite,　was　recently　demonstrated　to　be　another　pathway　of　nitrite　production　for　anammox　with　strong　robustness,　high　efficiency,　and　easy　control.　As　such,　a　roadmap　aiming　to　maximize　anammox　in　mainstream　wastewater　treatment　is　outlined　by　integrated　nitrite　production　via　PN　and　PD　approaches.　Since　organic　carbon　is　needed　to　drive　PD,　the　roadmap　based　on　external　carbon　dosing,　utilizing　complex　organic　carbon　from　municipal　wastewater,　and　sludge　anaerobic　fermented　liquid　is　illustrated,　with　a　critical　analysis　of　their　economy,　ef-ficiency,　and　effectiveness　in　practical　application.　The　presented　roadmap　is　easy　to　implement　without　the　requirement　of　strictly　controlled　PN.　Moreover,　a　high　effluent　quality　can　be　guaranteed　with　great　engineering　feasibility.　Overall,　this　article　offers　a　new　avenue　in　going　for　mainstream　nitrogen　removal　with　maximizing　anammox　contribution,　which　will　indeed　facilitate　the　achievement　of　sustainable　municipal　wastewater　treatment.