In　order　to　improve　the　seismic　performance　of　underground　subway　station　structures　while　taking　advantage　of　modular　assembly　technology,　a　novel　partially　prefabricated　structure　with　prefabricated　arch　top　slab　is　proposed　in　this　paper.　The　design　concept　and　joint　configurations　are　introduced,　and　the　feasibility　of　the　proposed　design　scheme　is　analyzed　considering　the　construction　characteristics　and　seismic　deformation　modes　of　underground　structures.　Numerical　models　are　established　for　realistic　simulation　of　grouted　mortise-tenon　joint　and　dry　mortise-tenon　joint,　and　their　reliability　is　validated　by　comparing　the　predictions　with　experimental　results.　Three-dimensional　finite　element　models　of　partially　prefabricated　structure　and　monolithic　structure　are　established　and　their　seismic　responses　under　three　different　seismic　excitations　are　compared.　The　structural　plastic　strain　distribution,　interlaminar　deformation　response,　and　initial　load　distribution　and　internal　force　variation　of　key　structural　components　are　evaluated　considering　different　earthquake　intensities.　The　results　demonstrate　that　the　columns　in　monolithic　structure　are　severely　damaged,　and　the　plastic　strain　is　concentrated　at　the　column　ends;　while　the　columns　in　partially　prefabricated　structure　experience　minimal　damage　and　slight　plastic　strain　is　uniformly　distributed　in　the　structural　components.　In　addition,　the　partially　prefabricated　structure　exhibits　favorable　force　distribution　and　interlaminar　deformability　compared　to　monolithic　structure,　which　indicates　improved　seismic　performance　of　the　proposed　partially　prefabricated　underground　subway　station　structure.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd