The　traditional　tuned　mass　damper　(TMD)　design　criterion　is　obtained　with　the　fixed　base　model,　which　is　suitable　for　the　case　without　significant　soil-structure　interaction　(SSI)　effects.　However,　when　the　SSI　effects　are　notable,　the　TMD　designed　based　on　the　fixed　base　model　will　degrade　its　performance　and　even　magnify　the　seismic　response　of　the　main　structure.　Since　accurately　evaluating　the　effects　of　SSI　on　the　natural　frequencies　of　the　main　structure　is　difficult　due　to　soil　nonlinearity,　single　tuned　mass　dampers　(STMDs)　may　easily　undergo　tuning　failure　due　to　frequency-limited　control　bandwidths.　Applying　multiple　tuned　mass　dampers　(MTMDs)　to　attenuate　the　vibration　of　the　main　structure　may　be　a　promising　solution.　In　this　paper,　the　seismic　performance　of　a　10-story　steel　structure　equipped　with　MTMDs　considering　SSI　is　investigated.　A　three-dimensional　refined　finite　element　model　is　first　built.　Then,　a　comprehensive　analysis　is　presented　by　considering　the　different　MTMDs　design　parameters　and　earthquakes.　The　research　results　show　that　when　the　SSI　effect　is　significant,　the　MTMDs　in　reducing　the　seismic　response　of　the　structure　have　better　effectiveness　than　the　STMDs.　With　other　MTMDs　design　parameters　determined,　the　MTMDs　performance　is　strengthened　by　increasing　the　mass　ratio　and　the　number　of　TMDs.　The　central　frequency　ratio　is　taken　as　the　optimum　frequency　ratio.　The　bandwidth　is　limited　to　the　region　formed　by　0.9–1.1　times　the　TMD　optimal　design　frequency.　The　performance　of　the　MTMDs　is　less　influenced　by　the　different　TMD　installation　positions.　Moreover,　the　MTMDs　still　have　good　robustness　when　considering　the　SSI　effect.　©　2023　Elsevier　Ltd