Particulate　matter　(PM2.5,　PM10)　in　urban　subway　stations　can　significantly　impact　passengers＇　health.　The　particle　concentration　in　subway　stations　is　influenced　by　many　factors.　However,　few　existing　studies　have　explored　the　impact　of　environmental　control　systems　in-depth,　especially　under　different　outdoor　pollution　conditions.　To　address　this　research　gap,　this　study　focused　on　measuring　and　comparing　the　characteristics　of　PM2.5　and　PM10　at　subway　stations　with　three　control　systems　(open,　closed,　and　screen　door)　under　varying　pollution　conditions　in　Beijing.　Particle　concentrations　from　platforms,　carriages,　and　outdoors　were　monitored　and　analyzed　using　statistical　methods.　The　results　showed　that　the　particle　concentration　in　the　closed　system　was　generally　20–40　μg/m3　higher　than　that　in　the　screen　system　at　the　platform,　which　might　be　attributed　to　the　piston　wind,　as　the　air　from　the　tunnel　with　a　lot　of　dirt.　The　pollution　in　the　carriage　was　more　severe　for　the　open　system　than　that　of　the　screen　system.　The　PM2.5/PM10　ratio　in　the　carriage　was　91%,　90%,　and　83.84%　for　the　closed,　open,　and　screen　systems,　respectively.　This　indicates　that　the　screen　door　could　reduce　the　particle　concentration　in　the　platform　to　10%–50%.　The　particle　concentration　varied　among　subway　stations　with　different　environmental　control　systems,　suggesting　that　the　prevention　and　control　strategies　for　particulate　matter　pollution　should　be　different　for　stations　with　different　systems.　©　2023　The　Authors