Beijing　is　a　typical　energy-imported　city,　and　the　study　of　energy　consumption　factors　in　Beijing　is　important　for　the　sustainable　development　of　Beijing.　There　are　many　influencing　factors　of　energy　consumption　in　Beijing,　and　the　influence　degree　of　each　factor　differs　in　different　development　periods.　By　constructing　the　IPAT　model　of　energy　consumption　change　in　Beijing,　this　paper　breaks　down　the　factors　that　cause　the　change　in　energy　consumption　in　Beijing　into　population,　affluence,　and　technological　progress.　The　results　show　that　Beijing　is　a　highly　energy-consuming　city　and　the　change　in　energy　consumption　in　Beijing　is　the　superposition　of　multiple　effects.　The　energy　consumption　change　caused　by　population　growth　in　Beijing　continues　to　increase　through　data　from　2006　to　2020,　but　begins　to　show　a　downward　trend,　with　a　maximum　change　in　energy　consumption　of　19.8 million　tons　of　standard　coal.　The　largest　change　in　energy　consumption　is　caused　by　per　capita　GDP　growth,　which　reached　50.3 million　tons　of　standard　coal　in　2018–2019,　and　the　effect　caused　by　affluence　is　greater　than　the　impact　of　population　changes.　Technological　advances　always　reduce　energy　consumption　and　are　increasingly　effective.　To　reduce　energy　consumption　and　improve　environmental　quality,　the　following　two　things　need　to　be　done:　first,　to　continuously　control　the　population　of　Beijing,　and　second,　to　enhance　the　development　and　introduction　of　innovative　technologies　for　energy　conservation.　©　2023,　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　licence　to　Springer　Nature　B.V.