The　hippocampal　formation　in　the　animal　brain　is　the　core　brain　region　to　realise　spatial　cognition.　Aiming　at　the　problems　of　inaccurate　loop　closure　detection　and　lack　of　effective　obstacle　perception　mechanism　in　current　bionic　navigation　model,　this　paper　proposes　a　robot　navigation　algorithm　based　on　hippocampal　cognitive　mechanism.　Firstly,　according　to　the　information　transmission　mechanism　of　hippocampal　formation　and　the　activation　theory　of　hippocampal　spatial　cells,　we　construct　calculation　models　of　grid　cells,　border　cells,　place　cells　and　view　cells.　Then,　the　location　information,　visual　information　and　obstacle　information　encoded　by　the　spatial　cells　are　fused　to　build　a　cognitive　map.　Finally,　according　to　the　obtained　cognitive　map,　we　use　an　A∗　algorithm　to　obtain　a　relatively　shorter　path　and　complete　the　goal-oriented　navigation　task.　The　method　is　verified　by　the　simulation　experiment,　proving　its　effectiveness　and　reliability.　Copyright　©　2021　Inderscience　Enterprises　Ltd.