X-ray　is　an　important　tool　for　characterizing　materials,　which　is　based　on　the　idea　that　all　crystals　are　composed　of　atoms　or　molecules　stacking　in　a　particular　type,　basically　expressing　as　unit　cell,　diffracting　the　incident　ray　with　a　proper　type.　In　analogue,　the　periodic　structures　which　are　mostly　constructed　artificially　show　special　desired　properties,　such　as　the　properties　of　grating,　frequency　selective　surfaces,　metamaterials　and　metasurface.　In　this　paper,　A　study　was　done　on　the　insight　of　the　relation　of　wave　interaction　with　periodic　structures　based　on　X-ray　diffraction　and　control　of　electromagnetic　waves.　©　2022　IEEE.