Atomically　monolayer　2D　material　was　predicted　thermal　dynamically　unstable,until　the　ground-breakthrough　reports　of　the　isolation　of　graphene　in　2004,　which　was　shortly　recognized　by　the　Nobel　Prize　in　2010.Monoelemental　graphene　inherits　the　merits　of　simple　stoichiometry　and　crystal　structure,　which　offers　the　possibilities　for　basic　physics　scenarios　demonstrations　and　a　great　deal　of　functional　devices　explorations.The　recent　decades　have　witnessed　the　unprecedented　enthusiasm　of　investigations　and　fruitful　achievements　on　the　nano-platform　of　graphene.Recently,the　family　of　monoelemental　2D　materials　has　embraced　the　birth　of　multiple　members,　including　silicene,　germanene,　phosphorene,　and　so　forth.Moreover,heterostructures　and　superlattices　of　monoelemental　2D　materials　have　opened　a　new　realm　in　materials　science,　offering　unlimited　possibilities.