Anaerobic　osmotic　membrane　bioreactor　(AnOMBR),　which　integrates　forward　osmosis　(FO)　with　anaerobic　digestion,　has　been　developed　to　advance　wastewater　treatment　and　reclamation.　Compared　to　conventional　AnMBR　that　equips　hydraulically　driven　membrane　processes,　such　as　microfiltration　and　ultrafiltration,　AnOMBR　exhibits　a　lower　fouling　propensity　and　high　fouling　reversibility　as　well　as　enables　the　production　of　higher-quality　effluent.　This　chapter　aims　to　provide　fundamental　knowledge　and　recent　progress　of　AnOMBR　in　wastewater　treatment　and　reclamation.　Rationale　and　recent　configurations　of　AnOMBR　were　firstly　delineated.　Performance　of　AnOMBR　regarding　water　production,　contaminant　removal,　and　biogas　production　was　then　highlighted.　Moreover,　key　factors　affecting　the　performance　of　AnOMBR　were　demonstrated.　These　include　draw　solution,　driving　force,　membrane　properties,　temperature,　hydraulic　retention　time,　and　sludge　retention　time.　The　chapter　will　shed　light　on　the　further　development　of　AnOMBR　and　its　hybrid　systems　in　advanced　wastewater　treatment　and　reclamation.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.