The　energy　crisis　and　the　aggravation　of　environmental　pollution　increase　the　demand　for　new　energy　sources.　The　rise　of　nanomaterials　gives　metal　oxides　more　chances　for　application.　Transition　metal　oxides　are　often　used　in　new　energy　sources,　such　as　metal-ion　batteries　and　electrocatalysts.　As　one　of　transition　metal　oxides,　vanadium　oxides　have　been　widely　applied　in　metal-ion　batteries　and　supercapacitors　due　to　their　layered　structure.　In　this　chapter,　we　mainly　introduce　the　application　of　different　vanadium　oxides　(V2O3,　VO2,　and　V2O5)　and　Wadsley　phase　vanadium　oxides　(V3O7　and　V6O13)　in　energy　storage:　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIB),　sodium-ion　batteries　(SIB),　potassium-ion　batteries　(KIB),　and　(aqueous)　zinc-ion　batteries　((A)ZIB),　and　summarize　the　synthesis　methods,　strategies,　and　electrochemical　performance　in　recent　years.　Since　the　few　reports　on　the　application　of　vanadium　oxides　in　energy　catalysis,　we　also　introduce　and　summarize　the　application　of　vanadium-based　oxides　in　energy　electrocatalysis　like　water　splitting,　oxygen　reduction　reaction　(ORR),　and　the　catalytic　oxidation　of　small　molecular　fuels.　At　last,　the　general　application　strategies　and　the　deficiencies　of　vanadium　(based)　oxides　in　this　field　are　given.　©　The　Author(s),　2021.　All　rights　reserved.