Failure　behavior　is　the　key　property　needed　to　be　characterized　in　asphalt　concrete　at　low　temperature,　which　is　one　of　the　major　influence　factors　for　service　life　of　asphalt　pavement.　In　this　study,　the　reinforcing　effect　of　glass　fiber　on　failure　process　of　asphalt　concrete　under　indirect　tension　(IDT)　test　at　−　10　℃　was　investigated　using　acoustic　emission　(AE)　and　digital　image　correlation　(DIC)　techniques.　Control　asphalt　concrete　(CAC)　with　no　fibers　was　also　carried　out　for　comparison.　The　evolutions　of　AE　parameters　including　amplitude,　count,　duration,　rise　time　and　corresponding　cumulative　ones　were　obtained　and　analyzed　to　characterize　the　failure　processes　of　fiber　reinforced　asphalt　concretes　(FRACs)　and　control　one,　which　were　compared　with　the　results　from　static　displacement　and　strain　data　obtained　through　DIC.　The　effect　of　fiber　length　was　also　investigated　to　better　understand　the　reinforcing　mechanism　and　determine　the　proper　reinforcing　fibers.　The　test　results　revealed　that　low　temperature　failure　processes　of　CAC　and　FRAC　could　be　effectively　classified　according　to　the　variations　of　AE　parameters　and　corresponding　cumulative　ones.　Three　and　five　failure　stages　were　identified　for　CAC　and　FRACs,　respectively,　which　could　clearly　reflect　the　reinforcing　effect　of　glass　fiber.　Cumulative　AE　parameters　presented　better　identification　effect　on　fiber　reinforcement　than　displacement　or　strain,　while　stain　data　exhibited　favorable　performance　for　microcrack　initiation.　As　for　the　fiber　length　effect　on　damage　failure　process　of　FRAC,　evolutions　of　cumulative　AE　parameters　before　final　failure　of　specimen　became　more　stable　with　the　increase　of　fiber　length　within　6–20　mm.　AE　technique　presented　great　potential　for　failure　behavior　analysis　and　explanation　of　fiber　reinforcing　mechanism　in　asphalt　concrete,　which　also　provided　promising　method　for　real-time　monitoring　of　cracking　in　asphalt　pavement.　©　2023　The　Authors